Migration of Sogatella furcifera between the Greater Mekong Subregion and northern China revealed by mtDNA and SNP
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RESEARCH ARTICLE
Migration of Sogatella furcifera between the Greater Mekong Subregion and northern China revealed by mtDNA and SNP Nan Yang1†, Zhaoke Dong1†, Aidong Chen2, Yanqiong Yin2, Xiangyong Li2 and Dong Chu1*
Abstract Background: The white-backed planthopper (WBPH), Sogatella furcifera (Horváth) (Hemiptera, Delphacidae), is a migratory pest of rice in Asia. Shandong Province, in northern China, is located on the migration pathway of WBPH between southern and northeast China. The potential sources of WBPH in northern China are poorly understood. We studied the sources of WBPH in Shandong Province by determining the population genetic structure of WBPH in 18 sites distributed in Shandong and in six regions of the Greater Mekong Subregion (GMS). We used mitochondrial gene and single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers for analysis. Results: All of the WBPH populations studied in the seven regions had low genetic diversity. Pairwise F ST values based on mtDNA ranged from − 0.061 to 0.285, while FST based on SNP data ranged from − 0.007 to 0.009. These two molecular markers revealed that 4.40% (mtDNA) and 0.19% (SNP) genetic variation could be explained by the interpopulation variation, while the rest came from intrapopulation variation. The populations in the seven geographic regions comprised four hypothetical genetic clusters (K = 4) not associated with geographic location. Eightyfour of 129 individuals distributed across the given area were designated as recent migrants or of admixed ancestry. Although the substantial migration presented, a weak but significant correlation between genetic and geographic distances was found (r = 0.083, P = 0.004). Conclusion: The Greater Mekong Subregion was the main genetic source of WBPH in Shandong, while other source populations may also exist. The genetic structure of WBPH is shaped by both migration and geographic barriers. These results help clarify the migration route and the source of WBPH in northern China. Keywords: White-backed planthopper, Mitochondrial COI, Single-nucleotide polymorphism, Shandong, Population structure
*Correspondence: [email protected] † Nan Yang and Zhaoke Dong have contributed equally to this work 1 Key Lab of Integrated Crop Pest Management of Shandong Province, College of Plant Health and Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China Full list of author information is available at the end of the article
Background The white-backed planthopper (WBPH), Sogatella furcifera (Horváth), often causes serious yield losses to rice in Asia [1]. This pest usually migrates from tropical and subtropical regions toward northern or northeast Asia in spring and summer. At the end of the growing season in autumn, their offspring migrate back to their southern overwintering sites [2]. In 1970s and 1980s, a national collaborative study on the migration of WBPH
© The Author(s) 2020. Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, a
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