Migratory History of the Fourspine Sculpin Rheopresbe kazika , a National Monument Species in Japan
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Migratory History of the Fourspine Sculpin Rheopresbe kazika, a National Monument Species in Japan Naoko Chino 1 & Takaomi Arai 2 Received: 9 August 2019 / Revised: 26 January 2020 / # Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020
Abstract The fourspine sculpin Rheopresbe kazika is a cottid fish endemic to Japan, and this fish is designated as a national monument species in some areas of the country. The natural population of the fish has decreased in recent years, and therefore various efforts have been made to establish an efficient culture system for this species. However, there is little information available regarding the life history and migration of the species. The migratory history of R. kazika was examined in terms of strontium (Sr) and calcium (Ca) uptake in the otolith by means of wavelength dispersive X-ray spectrometry on an electron microprobe. The Sr:Ca ratios in the otoliths changed with the salinity of the habitat. The otoliths of R. kazika fluctuated strongly along the life history transects in accordance to their migration patterns from seawater to freshwater. The Sr:Ca ratios within R. kazika averaged 4.15 × 10− 3 in the otolith region from the core to the point (360–475 µm) and decreased to lower levels which averaged 1.37 × 10− 3, in the outer otolith region. The data suggest that this species has a catadromous life cycle and the otolith Sr:Ca ratios reflect individual life histories within R. kazika. Keywords Sculpin . Migration . Catadromous . Life history . Conservation
Introduction The family Cottidae comprises about 300 species in 67 genera, most of which are marine species distributed in cool-temparate and sub-Arctic waters (Yabe 1985; Eschmeyer 1998). Of these sculpins, one Trachidermus, one Rheopresbe and 6 Cottus species are distributed in the Japanese Archipelago and display diversity in life-history patterns compared with those having fluvial or lacustrine life styles from Eurasian and North American continents (Goto 1987, 1990; Goto and Nakano 1994; Sideleva 1996; Goto et al. 2020). The fourspine sculpin Rheopresbe kazika, which has recently been transferred from the genus Cottus (Goto et al. 2020), is a cottid fish endemic to Japan. This species has a catadromous life cycle and migrates as juveniles from the spawning ground in the sea to the middle reaches of the
* Takaomi Arai [email protected] 1
Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8564, Japan
2
Environmental and Life Sciences Programme, Faculty of Science, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Jalan Tungku Link, Gadong BE 1410, Brunei Darussalam
rivers to mature (Goto 1989). R. kazika is a target species of the river fisheries (Goto 1990), however the natural population of the fish has decreased in recent years. In the Kuzuryu River, Fukui, Japan, R. kazika was designated as a national monument species of Japan in 1935 (Yuma et al. 1998). Therefore, several efforts have been made to establish an efficient culture system for this species (Iwatani et al. 2003; Tahara
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