Mitigation of Groundwater Pollution: Heavy Metal Retention Characteristics of Fly Ash Based Liner Materials
Leachates generated from the landfills are considered as one of the major source of groundwater contamination and surrounding geoenvironment. An efficient engineered liner for the landfills assists to mitigate the groundwater contaminants by acting as an
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Mitigation of Groundwater Pollution: Heavy Metal Retention Characteristics of Fly Ash Based Liner Materials Chandra Bhanu Gupt, Anamika Kushwaha, Atma Prakash, Alok Chandra, Lalit Goswami, and Sreedeep Sekharan
Abstract Leachates generated from the landfills are considered as one of the major source of groundwater contamination and surrounding geoenvironment. An efficient engineered liner for the landfills assists to mitigate the groundwater contaminants by acting as an effective hydro-chemical barrier for the leachate. For geomaterials used in liners, it is important to determine the appropriate range of compaction parameters that would ensure hydraulic conductivity and mitigation of the groundwater contaminants within safe limits. Fly ash based liner materials can be much effective as it not only will solve the problem of proper and safe disposing of fly ash but also will be better liner material in comparison to sand bentonite mixes. The addition of cohesionless fly ash would improve the strength and reduce the shrinkage behavior of bentonite but at the same time might increase the hydraulic conductivity. Hence, it is important to determine the ranges of water content and dry unit weight for different bentonite–fly ash mixes that would satisfy the desired ranges of hydraulic conductivity and strength. The objective for the present chapter is to identify the bentonite–fly ash mix that enables maximum use of fly ash, for the hydraulic conductivity and mitigation of the groundwater contaminants. Various literatures have reported the potential valorization of a bentonite–fly ash mix as a compacted landfill liner compacted at optimum moisture content, satisfying the regulatory requirements of landfill liners. In addition, the groundwater contaminants retention characteristics of fly ash–bentonite mixes were also reported. Hence, the laboratory results discussed in this chapter would be quite handy for deciding the appropriate bentonite–fly ash mix to be evaluated at field scale. C. B. Gupt · A. Prakash · A. Chandra · S. Sekharan (*) Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam, India e-mail: [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected] A. Kushwaha Department of Biotechnology, Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology Allahabad, Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh, India L. Goswami Center for the Environment, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam, India © Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2021 P. K. Gupta, R. N. Bharagava (eds.), Fate and Transport of Subsurface Pollutants, Microorganisms for Sustainability 24, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-6564-9_5
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Keywords Groundwater pollution · Fly ash · Heavy metal · Retention capacity · Landfills
5.1
Introduction
With the rapid industrialization and urbanization, there is an enormous increase in the generation of toxic and hazardous solid wastes, which is among the top unprecedented vital issues confronting globally and is intricately associated with the environm
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