Exploration of mechanical and durability characteristics of fly ash-GGBFS based green geopolymer concrete
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Exploration of mechanical and durability characteristics of fly ash‑GGBFS based green geopolymer concrete Ramamohana Reddy Bellum1 · Karthikeyan Muniraj1 · Sri Rama Chand Madduru2 Received: 12 February 2020 / Accepted: 7 April 2020 © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020
Abstract In this paper, the use and effect of Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag (GGBFS) addition to fly ash (FA) on the performance of Geopolymer Concrete was presented. A reference of Ordinary Portland cement concrete (OPC) mix was used to compare with geopolymer concrete. The effect of different proportions of GGBFS addition, ambient curing, and curing age on the properties of geopolymer concrete was reported. The concentration of sodium hydroxide solution with 8 M and solution to binder ratio as 0.4 were taken for all the mixes of geopolymer concrete. This paper reported an investigation data on the mechanical and durability characteristics of fly ash-GGBFS based geopolymer concrete and that data was compared with the control mix (OPC). SEM analysis was done on selected samples to estimate the microstructural characteristics. The results concluded that a geopolymer concrete mix containing 60% GGBFS and 40% fly ash at 28 days of ambient temperature achieved maximum compressive strength (55.63 MPa) and further performed durable under severe environmental conditions. Keywords Fly ash · GGBFS · Cement · Geopolymer concrete · Ambient curing · Mechanical properties · Durability
1 Introduction A massive quantity of raw materials and energy is being consumed while manufacturing of cement. Aside from this, a lot of stable waste and vaporous discharges, especially Carbon Dioxide (CO2), are being emitted into the atmosphere [1]. Therefore, a decrease in the quantity of utilized cement can give to a cutback of C O2 liberations. The cement industry is supposed to turn out 0.83 kg of CO2 per kilogram Cement production, which leads to 12% of total worldwide CO2 emission by 2020 [2, 3]. Geopolymer binder has an imaginative designing alternative substance with the possibility to shape standard ordinary Portland cement (OPC) for both auxiliary and non-basic applications. French Professor Davidovits introduced “Geopolymer” to the world [4]. That can be produced
from numerous industrial by-products/wastes, together or alone with fly ash (FA), Silica fume, and GGBFS [2, 5]. The industrial waste like fly ash, GGBFS, red mud, and silica fume are used as source materials in geopolymer concrete. The alkaline solution is prepared from potassium/sodiumbased soluble solutions [6–13]. The Alkaline-activation on these wastes like fly ash will be end product in the development of geopolymer Resin/Binder [14, 15]. Geopolymer Concrete is produced by mixing of geopolymer binder with fine and coarse aggregates in the presence of alkaline solution [16]. Polymerization has taken place when receptive alumino-silicates are quickly broken down, and free SiO4 and A lO4 tetrahedral units are discharged in solution. On the other hand, the tetrahedral units are going with p
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