Model Compound Vulcanization And IGC Asprediction Tools In Carbon Black Effect On Vulcanization
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Model Compound Vulcanization And IGC As Prediction Tools In Carbon Black Effect On Vulcanization E. Vidal-Escales, M.P. Diago and S. Borrós* Materials Science Lab. - Institut Químic de Sarrià (Universitat Ramon Llull) Via Augusta 390, 08017 Barcelona (Spain). [email protected] ABSTRACT The influence of carbon black (CB) in a rubber formulation can be observed during the vulcanization process. However, looking through literature there seems to be a lack of information related to the role of CBs in vulcanization reaction. The present work is focused on the application of Model Compound Vulcanization (MCV) approach and Inverse Gas Chromatography (IGC) to predict the role of carbon black on vulcanization. Squalene was chosen as the model molecule of natural rubber to undergo the vulcanization in the presence of carbon black. This methodology gives rise to several advantages. On one hand, the model allows following the accelerator, vulcanization intermediate compounds, and even the crosslinked model molecule. Moreover, the similarity between the model and the polymer chain allows further extrapolation to discover the real sample’s performance. In order to complete the information required IGC analysis was used. IGC has been performed using both dispersive and specific probes to elucidate a wide range of CB surface active sites. The application of this prediction tool to special grades revealed different effects that have been verified with real formulations in both cases. INTRODUCTION Model Compound Vulcanization (MCV) is a prime research technique applied to gain information about the chemistry of vulcanization. It lies in the vulcanization of a low molecular weight model for the rubber polymer. The principal advantage is that having the same reactivity and behavior as the polymer chain, afterwards it can be solved and a wide range of analytical techniques can be applied. Still today, despite the recent introduction of new and powerful analytical techniques such as NMR which allow detailed study of intact rubbers, MCV has not lost its scientific attraction. This methodology has been used successfully in vulcanization mechanistic studies [1-6], and even in the presence of filler [7]. Nevertheless, no MCV studies have been performed to a wide range of CB to have background information. In addition, and to complete the information needed to predict the behavior, Inverse Gas Chromatography (IGC) analysis have been done to link the MCV results with the CB structure. This gas chromatography technique is well established as a method for obtaining surface information by injecting probes of different nature in a column filled with the powder sample that has been studied. IGC has been used by different groups to investigate surface properties, such as surface energies and adsorption enthalpies of commercial carbon blacks [8-10] and other reinforcing fillers for elastomers [11-13]. It also has been previously applied to elucidate the CB surface structure [14].
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