Magnesium oxide biosynthesized with Camellia sinensis extract as activator in nitrile rubber vulcanization
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Magnesium oxide biosynthesized with Camellia sinensis extract as activator in nitrile rubber vulcanization Arianne A. Silva1 · Elisson B. D. Rocha1 · Cristina R. G. Furtado1 · Ana Maria F. Sousa1 · Nakédia M. F. Carvalho1 Received: 19 June 2020 / Revised: 10 September 2020 / Accepted: 13 October 2020 © Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Green synthesis of metal and metal oxides is an emerging area in the field of technology and provides economic and environmental benefits as an alternative to physical and chemical processes. In this method, non-toxic reagents that are ecologically correct and safe are used. In this work, MgO was synthesized from the aqueous green tea (Camellia sinensis) extract and characterized by X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis and scanning electron microscopy, which revealed the formation of MgO with face-centered cubic crystalline structure of crystallite size of 15.92 nm. Later, the green MgO obtained was used as activator in nitrile rubber compositions, replacing the industrially used ZnO as a vulcanization activator, and also compared to a commercial MgO. The evaluation was performed regarding the rheometric properties, the kinetic of vulcanization and crosslink density formation. The results obtained were promising both for the synthesis and application of MgO produced via the green route in elastomeric NBR compositions. Keywords Nitrile rubber · Vulcanization · Green synthesis · MgO · ZnO · Green tea
Introduction Biogenic, plant-based, or green synthesis is an ecofriendly process that have attracted considerable attention by the scientific community due to its potential to produce high purity metal oxide, as well as nanoparticles of specific sizes and Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s0028 9-020-03430-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Ana Maria F. Sousa [email protected] 1
Institute of Chemistry, Universidade Do Estado Do Rio de Janeiro, São Francisco Xavier, 524, Maracanã, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 20550‑900, Brazil
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morphologies [1–3]. Contrary to what may seem, green synthesis is not a simple process, even though it basically consists of mixing a plant extract to an aqueous solution of the metal salt at given temperature and time. Their complexity is due to the inherent variability of the plants extract (types and sources) and the number of process parameters involved in the reaction [1–3]. In fact, there is an interesting study in the literature that addresses several challenges to be solved in order to make green synthesis technically and economically feasible, for example the standardization of process parameters for a given metal oxide production [2]. Thus, the effort to answer the questions of Peralta-Videa et al. [2], as well others issues, contributes to the development of green synthesis technology, providing useful data for f
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