Modelling and simulation of the operation of a calorimetric sensor for medical application
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Modelling and simulation of the operation of a calorimetric sensor for medical application P. J. Rodríguez de Rivera1,2 · Mi. Rodríguez de Rivera1 · F. Socorro1 · M. Rodríguez de Rivera1 · G. M. Callicó2 Received: 4 November 2019 / Accepted: 13 March 2020 © Akadémiai Kiadó, Budapest, Hungary 2020
Abstract A calorimetric sensor for medical application has been developed to measure surface and localize heat dissipations of human body. The instrument evaluates the heat flux transmitted by conduction, through a thermopile, between the human body surface and a programmed thermostat at a set temperature. In this work, a model with twelve transfer functions describing the operation of the sensor is exposed. This model relates the inputs to outputs of the system. Sensitivities, poles and zeros of each of the transfer functions are obtained with two independent experimental measurements and a numerical optimization method based on the adjustment of the experimental output curves with the ones calculated by the model. The model simulates the operation of the sensor, determines its operating limits and assesses the flow of heat between human skin and the thermostat sensor. The proposed method is applicable to any non-differential calorimeter. Keywords Direct calorimetry · Heat conduction calorimeters · Medical calorimetry · Non-differential calorimetry
Introduction Modelling a calorimeter is to establish mathematical relationships between the variables involved in the energy process under study and the variables measured and controlled by the instrument [1–4]. These mathematical relationships allow accurately determining the power and/or the heat energy developed in this process and also to study the related magnitudes, such as the heat capacity of the sample under study. The modelling also allows to determine the operating * M. Rodríguez de Rivera [email protected] P. J. Rodríguez de Rivera [email protected] Mi. Rodríguez de Rivera [email protected] F. Socorro [email protected] G. M. Callicó [email protected] 1
Departamento de Física, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35017 Las Palmas, Spain
Instituto Universitario de Microelectrónica Aplicada (IUMA), Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35017 Las Palmas, Spain
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limits of the instrument and to study the effect of the actions that make it possible to start the process under study [5–7]. In addition, depending on the model chosen, the modelling helps relating the static and the dynamic operating of the calorimeter with its own design. In this work, a model of the operation of a calorimetric sensor specially designed to measure the heat power dissipated by a surface and localized area of the human body is exposed. This sensor is non-differential, and the measured heat power is transferred by conduction from the surface of the human body to a thermostat located inside the calorimetric sensor. Therefore, we can include this instrument within the group of non-differential calorimeters [8]. Besides, this instrument is ou
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