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Abstract Wearable devices for monitoring different biological signals are now gaining huge interest now a day. Use of textile material as substrate material for antenna design is growing rapidly. In order to reduce the effect of human body the performance of antenna several different antenna structures have been proposed. This article reveals research on different designs and development of wearable antennas for biomedical application at different frequency bands.




Keywords Wearable antenna ISM band Textile antenna Radiation pattern





Microstrip antenna

1 Introduction Wearable electronic devices for monitoring and telemetering of biological signals now a day have become an integral part of everyday human life. Technology for developing wearable antenna is emerging day by day. One key requirement for wearable devices is small size. Also reliability and flexibility to operate in all environments are other major issues of wearable devices. These devices must be inexpensive, robust and low maintenance required. Antenna is the main constituent of wearable devices. Many researches are going on the development of wearable antenna of miniaturized size, which is having less weight and at the same time conformal to devices and body shape. In this review, primary focus is on how wearable antennas are developed for monitoring biological signals. The performance S. Manna (&)
T. Bose
R. Bera Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Sikkim Manipal Institute of Technology, Sikkim Manipal University, Majitar 737136, Sikkim, India e-mail: [email protected] T. Bose e-mail: [email protected] R. Bera e-mail: [email protected] © Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2018 A. Kalam et al. (eds.), Advances in Electronics, Communication and Computing, Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering 443, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-4765-7_13

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characteristics, advantages, disadvantages of those antennas are discussed. The transmitter of wearable device must be compact and have minimum power consumption. Also signal transmission must be optimized on human figure. Design of an antenna which can satisfy all these measures is very much difficult. These antennas must produce an omnidirectional radiation shape in order to provide transmission in all direction regardless of the location of the receiver and orientation of the antenna.

2 Review of Wearable Antenna In 2003 author of [1] have presented smart cloth made of fabric material. The substrate of the antenna is made of low cost fleece fabric. The radiating element and ground plane is made up of knitted copper. The length and width of the antenna is 56 and 51 mm respectively. Dielectric constant of the material at 2.45 GHz is 1.04. The ground plane dimensions are 76 mm  71 mm. Substrate thickness is 3 mm. The antenna is flexible to operate in different frequency bands. In 2004 authors of [2] have presented a circularly polarized textile antenna for wearable applications. The proposed antenna Fig. 1 uses single inset microstrip feed