Modelling full-culm bamboo as a naturally varying functionally graded material
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Modelling full‑culm bamboo as a naturally varying functionally graded material Yusuf Akinbade1 · Ian Nettleship2 · Christopher Papadopoulos3 · Kent A. Harries1 Received: 14 May 2020 / Accepted: 6 November 2020 © Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract The mechanical behaviour of bamboo is greatly influenced by its transverse properties, which are not easily measured by experiment. This study develops a framework and the computational tools required to evaluate the material and mechanical properties of bamboo in its full-culm form. A numerical model of bamboo as a transversely isotropic material with functionally graded material properties in the radial direction is developed. The random field method was introduced as a means of quantifying the measured uncertainty of bamboo with respect to the mechanical characterisation of its full-culm state. Four increasingly complex approaches to model circumferential compression tests of bamboo are presented: a theoretical evaluation using Castigliano’s theorem; an orthotropic model neglecting the graded nature of the culm wall; and, two models—one discrete and one continuum-based that define a transversely isotropic graded material. Output from each model is compared, calibrated and validated with experimental results. While the models developed were robust, their application has drawn into question the fundamental hypothesis that the functionally graded behaviour of bamboo can be captured using the rule of mixtures.
Introduction Full-culm bamboo—that is, bamboo used in its natural, round form rather than being processed into an engineered material—used as a structural load-bearing material is receiving considerable attention but has not been widely investigated in a systematic Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s0022 6-020-01246-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorised users. * Kent A. Harries [email protected] 1
Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, USA
2
Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, USA
3
University of Puerto Rico at Mayaguez, Mayaguez, Puerto Rico
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Wood Science and Technology
manner. Van Der Lugt et al. (2003) suggested that bamboo, as a fast-growing renewable material with a simple production process, is a sustainable alternative to more traditional materials like concrete, steel and timber. Despite its availability, sustainability and, in some cases, superior mechanical properties, bamboo is rarely considered by engineers as a building material. This is largely due to the significant gap in data availability and understanding of the material properties and behaviour of bamboo; this gap serves as a primary motivation for this study. The objective of this study is to illustrate a framework and develop the computational tools required to evaluate the material and mechanical properties of bamboo in its full-culm form. The ability
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