Models of Discovery and Creativity
Since the origin of the modern sciences, our views on discovery and creativity had a remarkable history. Originally, discovery was seen as an integral part of methodology and the logic of discovery as algorithmic or nearly algorithmic. During the nineteen
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Joke Meheus • Thomas Nickles Editors
Models of Discovery and Creativity
Editors Joke Meheus Universiteit Gent Vakgroep Wijsbegeerte en Moraalwetenschap Blandijnberg 2 9000 Gent Belgium [email protected]
Thomas Nickles Department of Philosophy University of Nevada, Reno Reno, NV 89557 USA
ISBN 978-90-481-3420-5 e-ISBN 978-90-481-3421-2 DOI 10.1007/978-90-481-3421-2 Springer Dordrecht Heidelberg London New York Library of Congress Control Number: 2009937610 © Springer Science + Business Media B.V. 2009 No part of this work may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, microfilming, recording or otherwise, without written permission from the Publisher, with the exception of any material supplied specifically for the purpose of being entered and executed on a computer system, for exclusive use by the purchaser of the work. Printed on acid-free paper Springer is part of Springer Science+Business Media (www.springer.com)
Contents
Foreword
vii
Preface
ix
Unexpected discoveries, Graded Structures, and the Difference between Acceptance and Neglect Hanne Andersen 1 The Conceptual Analysis 2 Nuclear Physics 3 Philosophical Morals Conceptual Comparison and Conceptual Innovation Harold I. Brown Discovering Mechanisms in Molecular Biology Finding and Fixing Incompleteness and Incorrectness Lindley Darden 1 Introduction 2 Characterization of Mechanisms 3 Revision of Incomplete Schemata 4 Revision of Incorrect Schemata 5 Conclusion
1 3 4 22 29
43 43 45 47 50 53
On the Role of Thought-Experiments in Mathematical Discovery Eduard Glas 1 Archimedes’s Method 2 Impossible Numbers 3 Conclusion
57
Experimental Systems, Investigative Pathways, and the Nature of Discovery Frederic L. Holmes
65
Abduction as a Heuristic Constraint Scott A. Kleiner 1 Introduction 2 The Problem of Abduction 3 Evolutionary Biology
81
58 60 63
81 83 86
v
vi
MODELS OF DISCOVERY AND CREATIVITY 4
Conclusions
Creative Abduction and Hypothesis Withdrawal Lorenzo Magnani 1 Change in Theoretical Systems 2 Abduction: Sentential, Model-Based, Manipulative 3 Governing Inconsistencies in Abductive Reasoning 4 Withdrawing Unfalsifiable Hypotheses Conceptual Change: Creativity, Cognition, and Culture Nancy J. Nersessian 1 Introduction 2 Interpreting Conceptual Practices: Cognitive-Historical Analysis 3 Cognition and Culture: Situated and Distributed Cognition 4 Creativity in Conceptual Change: The Role of Model-Based Reasoning 5 Model-based Reasoning as Situated and Distributed Reasoning 6 Culture and Cognition: Implications for Creativity The Strange Story of Scientific Method Thomas Nickles 1 Introduction 2 Traditional Views of Method and Discovery 3 Scientific Method (So-Conceived) Is Impossible 4 Reasons for Optimism? 5 Two Objections 6 The Triumph of the Darwinian Method? 7 BV+SR: Madness or Method? 8 The Generality Question and the NFL Theorems 9 The Classical Discovery Program Revisited Tradition and Innovation: Exploring and Transforming Conceptual Str
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