Modern Biotechnology in Postmodern Times? A Reflection on European P

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Modern Biotechnology in Postmodern Times? A Reflection on European Policies and Human Agency

by

Lars Reuter Centre for Bioethics, University of Aarhus, Denmark

SPRINGER-SCIENCE+BUSINESS MEDIA, B.V.

A C.I.P. Catalogue record for this book is available from the Library of Congress.

ISBN 978-94-010-3768-6

ISBN 978-94-007-1015-3 (eBook)

DOI 10.1007/978-94-007-1015-3

Printed on acid-free paper

All Rights Reserved © 2003 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht Originally published by Kluwer Academic Publishers in 2003 Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 2003

No part of the material protected by this copyright notice may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording or by any information storage and retrieval system, without written permission from the copyright owner. Printed in the Netherlands.

TIBI OMNIA MANUS

TABLE OF CONTENTS

PREFACE

ix

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

xi

CHAPTER I: BIOTECHNOLOGY IN MODERN TIM ES I. 2. 2.1. 2.2.

I

The concept of modern ity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 10 The concept of biotechnology Definiti ons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 10 Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17

CHAPTER 2: COUNCIL OF EUROPE POLICIES ON BIOTECHNOLOGY .. 25 I. The Parliamentary Asse mbly 31 1.1. The beginn ings 32 33 1.2. Developm ents of doubt and difficulty 1.3. A new convention as a solution? 36 1.4. 1.5.

Recent initiatives Results

39 45

2. 2.1. 2.2. 2.3.

The Committee of Minis ters Systematic beginnings The strugg le for standards Results

46 46 48 54

3. 3.1. 3,.2. 3.3. 3.4. 3.5. 4.

Council of Europe Conventions The European Convention on Human Rights The Europ ean Social Charter The European Convention on Human Rights and Biomedicine The Proto col on Hum an Cloning The Protocol on Transplantation Conc lusion

54 55 56 57 61 62 63

CHAPTER 3: BIOTECHN OLOGY AND HUMAN AGENCY 69 I. The hum an act . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 72 2. Technique and technology 77 vii

Vlll

3. 4.

Modern concepts of agency and identi ty Is 'b iotechnology ' merely a name?

82 III

CHAPTER 4: BIOTECHNOLOGY BEYOND MODERNI TY?

125

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127 135 137 140

1. 2. 2.1. 2.2.

A postmodern sketch of the human self Technology as bluff Human mastery The ambivalence of new techniques

2.3. 2.4.

145 The domin ating role of technology Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 151

3.

The politi cs of contemporary biotechnology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 154

APPENDIX

161

European Convention on Human Rights and Biomedicine ETS 164 (Full text) with list of declarations

162

Additional Protocol to the Convention on Human Rights and Biomedicine on the Proh ibition of Cloning Hum an Beings ETS 168 (Full text) with list of