Modern Polysaccharides and Its Current Advancements
Polysaccharides based nanomaterials have diverse applications in biomedical research. This chapter covers one of the major achievements in modification of polysaccharides using microwave irradiation and cationization methods. Additionally chapter focused
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Modern Polysaccharides and Its Current Advancements
Abstract Polysaccharides based nanomaterials have diverse applications in biomedical research. This chapter covers one of the major achievements in modification of polysaccharides using microwave irradiation and cationization methods. Additionally chapter focused on mucoadhesive polysaccharides and its recent advancement in nano drug delivery system. Applications such as gene transfection, bone regeneration and vaccine delivery are also separately discussed. Keywords Polysaccharides • Drug delivery • Nanoparticle • Mucoadhesive
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Introduction
Natural polysaccharides from various sources have been investigated and extensively utilized in diverse areas, such as food and feed, medicine and pharmaceutics, and in papermaking. Recently, there has been an increased attention in the utilization of polysaccharides, particularly bioactive ones, for various significant applications due to their biocompatibility, biodegradability, non-toxicity, and some specific therapeutic activities. Polysaccharides and their derivatives hold various advantages above the synthetic polymers, since they are non-toxic, biocompatible, biodegradable, and less expensive in comparison to their synthetic counterparts. All these advantages present polysaccharides and their derivatives a broad spectrum of applications in different areas, such as in food, biomedical or pharmaceutical, and cosmetic applications. Currently polysaccharides play significant roles in traditional disease control and health care, in the meantime many new emerging areas are also explored such as in tissue engineering, in wound treatment (both internal and external in drug delivery), diagnosis, in cancer prevention, and therapy, and in treatment of bacterial and viral diseases as already described in the earlier for each polysaccharide and their derivatives following functionalization. Hence, here in this chapter we emphasize the development of bioactive polysaccharides for various biomedical applications as tissue engineering, wound dressing/healing, and drug delivery applications.
© Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2016 S. Bhatia, Systems for Drug Delivery, DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-41926-8_6
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Modern Polysaccharides and Its Current Advancements
Polysaccharide Colloidal Particles Delivery Systems
Mucosal delivery of complex molecules especially macromolecules such as proteins, peptides, oligonucleotides, and plasmids is one of the most recent studied subjects. Colloidal carriers made of hydrophilic polysaccharides, i.e. chitosan, have emerged as a promising alternative for improving the delivery of such macromolecules across biological surfaces. Chitosan has been reported to form colloidal particles and entrap macromolecules through various mechanisms such as ionic crosslinking, desolvation, or ionic complexation, nevertheless some of these systems have been appreciated only in conjunction with DNA molecules. An alternative concerning the chemical modification of chitosan has also been val
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