Molecular Biology Perspective of Susceptibility and Resistance in Main Target Pathogens in the Respective Species and An

Laboratory antimicrobial susceptibility testing providing phenotypic characterisation of bacteria is routinely used in everyday laboratory and clinical practice. During the last decade, the importance of molecular biology methods, including whole-genome s

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Antimicrobials in Livestock 1: Regulation, Science, Practice A European Perspective

Antimicrobials in Livestock 1: Regulation, Science, Practice

Lucie Pokludová Editor

Antimicrobials in Livestock 1: Regulation, Science, Practice A European Perspective

Editor Lucie Pokludová Institute for State Control of Veterinary Biologicals and Medicines Brno, Czech Republic

ISBN 978-3-030-46720-3 ISBN 978-3-030-46721-0 https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-46721-0

(eBook)

# Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors, and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, expressed or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. The publisher remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. This Springer imprint is published by the registered company Springer Nature Switzerland AG. The registered company address is: Gewerbestrasse 11, 6330 Cham, Switzerland

To the memory of my grandparents, Božena and Ladislav, to whom I am grateful for directing my journey through life.

Preface

Thinking about antimicrobials, some questions necessarily should come that touch the essence of this term and related issues. For some of these questions, scientists have the answer or at least a science-based hypothesis. What does antibiosis mean? What are antibiotics (or the currently used broader term “antimicrobials”)? Where and when they came from? Why some microbes synthesize them? How they interact and keep the balance in microorganisms’ ecosystems? What is resistance to antimicrobials? Where it comes from? Why we started to use antimicrobials in animals not only for treatment of diseases? And what is the impact of that broad use both in human and veterinary medicine? What is current knowledge on the use of antimicrobials in veterinary medicine and how can we minimize the need for the use of antimicrobials in animals and pressure on selection of resistance? What happened with antimicrobials after administration to animals? Are their residues harmful to the health of consumers? And are the residues risky from the pers