Molecular characterization of bovine leukemia virus reveals existence of genotype 4 in Chinese dairy cattle
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Molecular characterization of bovine leukemia virus reveals existence of genotype 4 in Chinese dairy cattle Yi Yang1,2†, Lina Chen1†, Maoli Dong1, Wenjiang Huang1,3, Xiaoli Hao1, Yalan Peng1, Zaicheng Gong1, Aijian Qin1,2, Shaobin Shang1,2* and Zhangping Yang2,4*
Abstract Bovine leukemia virus (BLV) causes enzootic bovine leucosis and is widely spread worldwide, except several European countries, Australia and New Zealand. Although BLV is highly prevalent in China, information about the genetic diversity and evolutionary dynamics of BLV among Chinese dairy herds is still lacking. To determine the genetic variability of BLV, 219 cows from four cities of Ningxia province of China were screened for BLV infection by fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET)-PCR and sequencing, 16 selected positive samples were subjected to molecular characterization. Phylogenetic analysis using the neighbor-joining (NJ) method on complete sequences of envelope (env) gene of BLV obtained from China and those available in GenBank (representing BLV genotypes 1–10) revealed that those Chinese strains belonged to genotypes 4 and 6. Totally, 23 mutations were identified and 16 of them were determined to be unique mutations among Chinese strains. Alignment of the deduced amino acid sequences demonstrated six mutations in glycoprotein 51 (gp51) and three mutations in glycoprotein 30 (gp30) located in the identified neutralizing domain (ND), CD8+ T cell epitope, E-epitope, B-epitope, gp51N12 and cytoplasmic domain of transmembrane protein. This study reported for the first time the BLV genotype 4 in China, and further studies are warranted to compare its immunogenicity and pathogenicity with other BLV genotypes. Keywords: Bovine leukemia virus, Molecular characterization, Envelope gene, Genetic diversity
Main text Bovine leukemia virus (BLV) is the causative agent of enzootic bovine leucosis (EBL), and approximately 30% of infected cattle develop persistent lymphocytosis (PL) while a small percentage of infected cattle die from malignant lymphoma. In recent years, a variety of methods have been applied for BLV genotyping [1–3]. Due to the biological functions, most of studies have primarily focused on the env gene. To date, at least 11 genotypes of BLV have been described based on the genetic polymorphism of the env gene [4, 5]. Previous studies demonstrated that * Correspondence: [email protected]; [email protected] † Yi Yang and Lina Chen contributed equally to this work. 1 Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses; College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China 2 International Corporation Laboratory of Agriculture and Agricultural Products Safety, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China Full list of author information is available at the end of the article
BLV was widely spread among dairy herds in China, and genotypes 6, 10 and 11 existed in Chinese dairy or yak herds [6, 7]. From Novembe
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