Molecular genetic approaches for enhancing stress tolerance and fruit quality of tomato
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Plant Biotechnology Reports https://doi.org/10.1007/s11816-020-00638-1
REVIEW
Molecular genetic approaches for enhancing stress tolerance and fruit quality of tomato Antt Htet Wai1,2 · Aung Htay Naing3 · Do‑Jin Lee1 · Chang Kil Kim3 · Mi‑Young Chung1 Received: 6 April 2020 / Accepted: 13 August 2020 © Korean Society for Plant Biotechnology 2020
Abstract Numerous efforts have been made to genetically improve tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) cultivars using various conventional breeding methods, despite severe restrictions to improve some target traits. Molecular approaches such as metabolic genetic engineering and genome editing tools have been able to overcome the restrictions and have achieved the generation of tomatoes with improved, commercially important traits. Due to continuing global climate change and market competition, the molecular approaches have been greatly applied in genetic improvement of agronomic (e.g., biotic and abiotic stress tolerance) and fruit quality (e.g., antioxidant enrichment and prolongation of shelf-life) traits in tomato. In this review, we summarize the results of previous studies that achieved genetic improvement of tomato agronomic and fruit quality traits using the molecular approaches and highlight how the molecular approaches are crucial for the genetic improvement of tomato. In addition, this review describes the functional roles of genes that enhance fruit quality and improve biotic/abiotic stress tolerance; therefore, it will also provide information of the specific genes for further genetic improvement in other tomato cultivars or horticultural crops using the molecular approaches, thus allowing for a time-saving approach to advancing plant biology and the horticultural industry. Keywords Genetic engineering · Stress tolerance · Fruit quality · Genome editing · Tomato
Introduction Plants, being sessile organisms, are exposed to various unfavorable environmental stresses throughout their life cycle because they live in continually changing environments. The environmental stresses imposed on plants can be categorized as abiotic stress, such as drought, salinity, heat, cold, frost, waterlogging, mineral toxicity , and biotic stress, including infection and attack by various pathogens, nematodes, herbivores and insects, etc. All these environmental stresses adversely affect photosynthetic activity, growth and development of plants resulting in tremendous crop yield losses worldwide (Anjum et al. 2016; Verma et al. 2013). * Mi‑Young Chung [email protected] 1
Department of Agricultural Education, Sunchon National University, Suncheon, South Korea
2
Department of Botany, University of Mandalay, Mandalay, Republic of the Union of Myanmar
3
Department of Horticulture, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
Abiotic stress reduces approximately 70% of crop productivity globally (Acquaah 2012) and all abiotic stresses are detrimental to plants by altering normal cellular and molecular activities of plants. Abiotic stresses, such as drought and salt, function
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