Molecular identification and evolutionary relationships between the subspecies of Musa by DNA barcodes
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RESEARCH ARTICLE
Open Access
Molecular identification and evolutionary relationships between the subspecies of Musa by DNA barcodes S. Dhivya1, S. Ashutosh2, I. Gowtham3, V. Baskar1, A. Baala Harini1, S. Mukunthakumar4 and R. Sathishkumar1*
Abstract Background: The banana (Musa sp., AAA) genome is constantly increasing due to high-frequency of somaclonal variations. Due to its large diversity, a conventional numerical and morphological based taxonomic identification of banana cultivars is laborious, difficult and often leads to subject of disagreements. Results: Hence, in the present study, we used universal DNA barcode ITS2 region to identify and to find the genetic relationship between the cultivars and varieties of banana. Herein, a total of 16 banana cultivars were PCR amplified using ITS2 primer pair. In addition, 321 sequences which were retrieved from GenBank, USA, were used in this study. The sequences were then aligned using Clustal W and genetic distances were computed using MEGA V5.1. The study showed significant divergence between the intra- and inter-specific genetic distances in ITS2 region. BLAST1 and Distance methods proved that ITS2 DNA barcode region successfully identified and distinguished the cultivar and varieties of banana. Conclusion: Thus, from the results of the present study, it is clear that ITS2 is not only an efficient DNA barcode to identify the banana species but also a potential candidate for enumerating the phylogenetic relationships between the subspecies and cultivars. This is the first comprehensive study to categorically distinguish the economically important banana subspecies and varieties using DNA barcodes and to understand its evolutionary relationship. Keywords: Musa sp., Cultivar, Wild species, DNA barcode, Nucleotide diversity, Genetic relationship
Background Banana and plantain belong to the family Musaceae and are cultivated throughout tropical and subtropical regions of the world [1]. This is an important crop next to rice, wheat and corn [2]. The edible Musa species and their hybrids and polyploids originated from the two main wild species of banana, viz., Musa acuminata Colla and M. balbisiana Colla, with A and B genomes, respectively [3]. The major cultivars belong to the subgroups of Cavendish (AAA), Lujugira (AAA), * Correspondence: [email protected] 1 Plant Genetic Engineering Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore 641046, India Full list of author information is available at the end of the article
Figue Pomme (AAB), Plantain (AAB), Saba Bluggoe (ABB) and Sucier (AA) [4]. Banana is a staple edible fruit crop with a good source of potassium and magnesium, which provides health benefits, such as, maintaining normal blood pressure and protecting against heart ailments [5]. The genome is continuously expanding due to the occurrence of high frequency somaclonal variation, increasing diversity, leading to quite often subject of disagreements [6]. There have been extensive discussions related to the identities of the progenito
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