Molecular Markers for Assessing Must Varietal Origin
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Molecular Markers for Assessing Must Varietal Origin Leonor Pereira & Paula Martins-Lopes & Cláudia Batista & Geni C. Zanol & Pedro Clímaco & João Brazão & José E. Eiras-Dias & Henrique Guedes-Pinto
Received: 3 November 2011 / Accepted: 19 January 2012 # Springer Science+Business Media, LLC 2012
Abstract Wine quality and market value greatly depend on the grapevine varietal composition, which may be characteristic of specific regions. In order to defend the distinct regions, Denominations of Origin were defined to protect against fraudulent practices. In this study, we evaluated the efficiency of two microsatellite-based systems (microsatellite (SSR) and intermicrosatellite (ISSR)) for must varietal composition determination and their potential role in certification purposes. Eleven Vitis vinifera L. varieties from leaf and monovarietal must DNA samples were screened with six SSR and 14 ISSR primers to discriminate polymorphisms. Principal coordinates analysis was performed with DCENTER on the resultant data using unweighted pair group mathematical average and revealed that ISSRs markers were not suitable for certification procedures, whereas nuclear SSR markers presented a complete correspondence between leaf and must samples, demonstrating that they were adequate for traceability purposes. Keywords Certification . Must . DNA extraction . Grapevine identification . SSR . ISSR
L. Pereira : P. Martins-Lopes (*) : C. Batista : H. Guedes-Pinto Institute for Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Centre of Genomics and Biotechnology, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (CGB-IBB/UTAD), P.O. Box 1013, 5000-911 Vila Real, Portugal e-mail: [email protected] G. C. Zanol : P. Clímaco : J. Brazão : J. E. Eiras-Dias National Institute of Biological Resources/ National Institute of Agrarian Research (INRB/INIA Dois Portos), Quinta d’Almoinha, 2565-191 Dois Portos, Portugal
Introduction European grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) is an economically important crop, grown for both table grapes and for winemaking. The Portuguese National Ampelographic Collection contains about 760 accessions, mainly Portuguesespecific. However, the number of distinct varieties may be significantly lower, since there are probably duplicates related to regional denomination (Lopes et al. 2006). A large number of V. vinifera varieties can be used in wine production, although only a small number are commercially important. Portuguese legislation allows 341 varieties for wine production (Baleiras-Couto and Eiras-Dias 2006). Grapevine varieties deeply influence the wine quality and therefore have a direct impact on wine’s market price, particularly in referenced market segments such as Denomination of Origin (DO) wines. For that reason, these highly quoted wines are the preferential target for fraudulent practices. Thus, wine authenticity is important in protecting the reputation of DO wines and ensuring consumers’ confidence in quality control. The control process by grapevine varietal identification should comprise all stages of the vinification process
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