Molecular Typing of Blood Cell Antigens

This volume aims to bring together a variety of protocols useful for DNA-based typing of blood cell antigens. Protocols range from simple approaches with low technical complexity to highly sophisticated modern developments. Written for the Methods in Mole

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Peter Bugert Editor

Molecular Typing of Blood Cell Antigens

METHODS

IN

MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Series Editor John M. Walker School of Life and Medical Sciences University of Hertfordshire Hatfield, Hertfordshire, AL10 9AB, UK

For further volumes: http://www.springer.com/series/7651

Molecular Typing of Blood Cell Antigens Edited by

Peter Bugert Institute of Transfusion Medicine and Immunology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, German Red Cross Blood Service Baden-Wurttemberg – Hessen, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany

Editor Peter Bugert Institute of Transfusion Medicine and Immunology Medical Faculty Mannheim, German Red Cross Blood Service Baden-Wurttemberg – Hessen Heidelberg University Mannheim, Germany

ISSN 1064-3745 ISSN 1940-6029 (electronic) Methods in Molecular Biology ISBN 978-1-4939-2689-3 ISBN 978-1-4939-2690-9 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-1-4939-2690-9 Library of Congress Control Number: 2015938771 Springer New York Heidelberg Dordrecht London © Springer Science+Business Media New York 2015 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. Printed on acid-free paper Humana Press is a brand of Springer Springer Science+Business Media LLC New York is part of Springer Science+Business Media (www.springer.com)

Preface Blood cells are characterized by the surface expression of a variety of antigens that are defined by their capacity to induce an immune response in the autologous or allogenic setting. Antigens on red blood cells are designated as blood groups, and the more than 300 blood group antigens are assigned to currently 35 blood group systems by the International Society for Blood Transfusion (ISBT). In 1990, the ABO blood group system was the first that was characterized on the molecular level. Since then the molecular basis of all blood group systems has been discovered. In clinical diagnosis of blood group antigens and antibodies, serological methods are still the gold standard widely used all over the world. However, molecular blood grouping is an upcoming