Monitoring and Analysis of Changes in the Depth and Surface Area Snow of the Mountains in Iran Using Remote Sensing Data
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RESEARCH ARTICLE
Monitoring and Analysis of Changes in the Depth and Surface Area Snow of the Mountains in Iran Using Remote Sensing Data Vahid Safarianzengir1 • Leila Mahmoudi2 • Roghayeh Maleki Meresht1 • Behrooz Abad1 Kazem Rajabi2 • Muhammadkia Kianian3
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Received: 24 June 2020 / Accepted: 12 August 2020 Ó Indian Society of Remote Sensing 2020
Abstract Considering the critical role of snowfall in water resources supply and its impacts on the environment, studying and measuring snow levels changes as one of the most important sources of water supply is very important. The purpose of this study is to monitor and analyse changes in surface area and depth of snow and changes in groundwater aquifers in Iran. For this purpose, TERRA-MODIS satellite image data for Iran were used. The timeframe of the selected images is between 2000 and 2019. Tips for selecting images are taken into account, with an average image of 3 months (January, February and March of winter) in each year. According to the results, the decreasing trend of groundwater aquifers is highly correlated with the amount of snow fall decrease in the study area at the level of 0.92%, and this decrease has been highly correlated since 2008. Average quarterly snow depth variations (January, February and March) in the study area fluctuated between 2000 and 2019, the most severe between 2007 and 2010 (with the 2009 snowfall of 41 cm). In general, a comparison of the changes in snow cover levels in the study area shows that 2005 has the highest rate (236,065/649 km2) while in 2007 and 2008 which has more snow cover than other years. Keywords Snow area and gravimetry MODIS images NDSI index GRACE index
Introduction
& Vahid Safarianzengir [email protected] Leila Mahmoudi [email protected] Roghayeh Maleki Meresht [email protected] Behrooz Abad [email protected] Kazem Rajabi [email protected] Muhammadkia Kianian [email protected] 1
Faculty of Literature and Humanities, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran
2
Faculty of Planning and Environmental Science, Tabriz University, Tabriz, Iran
3
Desert Studies Faculty, Semnan University, Semnan, Iran
Snow is one of the forms of rainfall that due to the nature of its delay in turning it into the runoff, it is very different from other components of water balance. It is an important factor in climate change of an area. Snow is one of the components of the water cycle in many mountainous basins in the world. Precise statistics about snow damage in Iran are not available. This phenomenon occurs in the northwest of the country during the cold season due to the synchronization of the synoptic systems of the atmospheric median balance with low surface pressures each year or several years depending on the region’s specific conditions. Due to the importance of snowfall in mountainous water supplies, accurate estimation of snow equivalent water, as well as changes in its cover levels, are effective in agriculture, energy, reservoir management and flood warnings (Karamo
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