Geo-ecological Monitoring Main Water Bodies of the Republic of Adygea Using Remote Sensing Data
The structure of geo-ecological monitoring the main water bodies of the Republic of Adygea (the Krasnodar Reservoir and its tributary the Belaya River) is developed. The stages of formation of the reservoir from the inception to the present are described.
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Contents 1 Introduction 2 Methods and Approaches to the Organization of Integrated Reservoir Monitoring 2.1 Geo-system Approach to the Organization of Monitoring 2.2 Monitoring Information Support 3 Cartographic and Aerospace Unit for the Krasnodar Reservoir Transformation Monitoring 3.1 Stages of the Reservoir Formation 3.2 Ecological Effects of Silting 4 The Impact of the Belaya River Catchment on the Krasnodar Reservoir Pollution 4.1 Assessment of the Ecological Condition of the River Basin 4.2 Ecological-Geographical Mapping the Belaya River Basin 5 Conclusion References
Abstract The structure of geo-ecological monitoring the main water bodies of the Republic of Adygea (the Krasnodar Reservoir and its tributary the Belaya River) is developed. The stages of formation of the reservoir from the inception to the present are described. The causes of the catastrophic silting the reservoir divided into two parts by an extensive crosspiece formed by the Belaya River sediments are considered. Impossibility of conducting ground surveys is compensated by using highresolution satellite data. Conclusions on a significant reduction of the useful volume of reservoir and the risk of its overflow during catastrophic floods are presented. A cartographical analysis of an anthropogenic load on the Belaya River watershed was carried out, and the qualitative composition of pollutants carried away by the river
I. E. Kurbatova (*) Institute of Water Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russian Federation e-mail: [email protected] Murat K. Bedanokov, Sergey A. Lebedev, and Andrey G. Kostianoy (eds.), The Republic of Adygea Environment, Hdb Env Chem, DOI 10.1007/698_2020_641, © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020
I. E. Kurbatova
into the reservoir and accumulated in the array of silt sediments was assessed (in conditions of a lack of network observations). Keywords Environmental problems, Krasnodar water reservoir, Riverbed reservoirs, Side tributaries, Silting, Space monitoring, Watershed
1 Introduction The North Caucasus region, in particular the Republic of Adygea, combines areas with various climatic, landscape, and hydrological conditions. Uneven distribution of annual precipitation (from 300 mm in the flat areas to 2,750 mm in the mountains at about 3,000 m altitude) largely determines uneven distribution of the hydrographic network. Its density varies from 0.05–0.3 km/km2 in the Ciscaucasia to 1.68–1.90 km/km2 in high mountain regions [1]. The presence of excess and insufficient moistening zones in the region has significant impact on the specificity of economic activities, which led to the creation of a large number of reservoirs in arid regions, the main purpose of which is irrigation, watering, water supply, and fishery. On the northern slope of the Greater Caucasus, 55 reservoirs with a total water mirror area of 1,047 km2 were built [1]. According to their genesis, they are divided into three main groups: channel, bulk, and lake reservoirs. The biggest of them are channel reservoirs, created on large- and medium-siz
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