Monitoring the thermal and gaseous activity of coal waste dumps
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Monitoring the thermal and gaseous activity of coal waste dumps Stanisław Wasilewski1 Received: 4 September 2019 / Accepted: 24 September 2020 © Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Mine waste dumps are lasting landscape elements of mining impact areas, and several aspects of their negative influence on the environment are currently being considered. The presence of coal substances in the dump mass often leads to fire hazards. Therefore, monitoring plays an important role in preventing fires in spoil tips. This study presents a modern method for monitoring fire hazards in coal waste dumps. The thermal monitoring of large dumps requires the identification of the thermal conditions of a considerable area. Therefore, land scanning was conducted using a precise thermal imaging camera during aerial travel. Subsequently, at selected sites in a waste dump, a wireless system consisting of perforated pipes and probes with temperature and gas collectors was deployed to collect data from research wells. A numerical model considering features that may have the greatest impact on the endogenous fire phenomenon in spoil tip mass was developed. Model studies were conducted using computational fluid mechanics (CFD) tools for the adopted initial–boundary conditions and atmospheric parameters. Keywords Coal waste dumps · Remote measurement of temperature distribution · Airborne thermography · Numerical analysis · Static pressure · Airspeed distribution around a dump
Introduction The extraction and refinement of coal produce high amounts of coal waste, most of which is stored in the ground, forming vast heaps and spoil tips (Vallero and Blight 2019). In Poland, approximately 130 million tonnes of industrial waste are produced annually, 50 million tonnes of which originate from Silesia province, constituting 38.5% of the total amount of waste generated in the country. Waste from the miningextracting industry constitutes approximately 80% of the industrial waste produced in Silesia province (Raport 2011). For several years, there have been coal waste storage sites inside mining impact areas. Mine waste dumps are typical landscape elements of mined areas, not only in Upper Silesia, Poland (Gumińska and Różański 2005), but also in Russia, China, and India (Liu et al. 1998; Report 2002), and are the source of numerous environmental risks (Vallero and Blight 2019), such as air hazards, the spreading of gases and dust, and the penetration of groundwater by chemical * Stanisław Wasilewski [email protected] 1
Strata Mechanics Research Institute of the Polish Academy of Sciences, 30‑059 Cracow, Poland
elements (Chaulya and Prasad 2016). A frequent, undesirable phenomenon accompanying the coal waste allocation process is the spontaneous heating of the deposited material, resulting in fires (Dziurzynski et al. 2014; Jelínek et al. 2015; Hu and Xia 2017). Other than emitting fire gases and deteriorating the landscape, fires in dumps/heaps are also a source of considerable undesirable od
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