Morphological analysis of two- and three- dimensional images of branching sponges and corals

Morphological analysis of the growth forms of corals (and other marine sessile organisms) is an important prerequisite for research on these organisms. A quantitative morphological analysis is required in studies on the morphological plasticity in marine

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Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg GmbH

Ashraf M. T. Elewa (Editor)

Morphometries Applications in Biology and Paleontology With 104 Figures and 35 Tables

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Springer

EDITOR:

Dr. Ashraf M. T. Elewa Associate Professor Minia University Faculty of Science Geology Department Egypt E-mail: [email protected]

ISBN 978-3-642-05980-3 ISBN 978-3-662-08865-4 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-3-662-08865-4 Library of Congress Control Number: 2004103476 A catalog record for this book is available from the Library of Congress. Bibliographic information published by Die Deutsche Bibliothek Die Deutsche Bibliothek lists this publication in die Deutsche Nationalbibliographie; detailed bibliographic data is available in the Internet at . This work is subject to copyright. AlI rights are reserved, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reu se of illustrations, recitations, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilm or in any other way, and storage in data banks. Duplication of this publication or parts thereof is permitted only under the provisions of the German Copyright Law of September 9, 1965, in its current version, and permission for use must always be obtained from Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelbetg GmbH . Violations are liable for prosecution under the German Copyright Law. springeronline.com © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2004 Originally published by Springet:-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg New Yot:k in 2004 Softcover reptint of the hardcover lst edition 2004 The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, etc. in this publication does not imply,even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. Cover Design: Erich Kirchner, Heidelberg Typesetting: Camera-ready by the editor Printed on acid free paper

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Dedication

This book is dedicated to Almighty Allah asking him for forgiveness My parents, my wife, my son and daughter My brother and sister Myleamers

Preface

F. James Rohlf Department of Ecology and Evolution, State University of New York at Stony Brook, USA, [email protected]

This new edited volume is a welcome addition to the literature of geometric morphometrics. It differs from previous collections of papers in that it does not represent an outcome of one of the many morphometric workshops but is an independent collection of papers concerned with real applications of geometric morphometric methods to problems in systematics. Thus, the papers are expected to be more in depth than many of the exemplary expositions found in earlier edited volumes. This should make it especially useful to many potential users of geometric morphometric methods. This publication is a timely development for the field as it is now in a period of transition from its early years, where it was considered a promising but rather complicated approach, to the present where for many types of applications it can be applied routinel