Morphological and molecular characterization of Cystoisospora laidlawi oocysts (Apicomplexa: Eimeriidae) in farmed Ameri
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PROTOZOOLOGY - SHORT COMMUNICATION
Morphological and molecular characterization of Cystoisospora laidlawi oocysts (Apicomplexa: Eimeriidae) in farmed American mink (Neovison vison) in Denmark H. H. Petersen 1
&
R. Yang 2 & M. Chriel 1,3 & D. Liu 4 & M. S. Hansen 1,5 & U. M. Ryan 2
Received: 8 May 2020 / Accepted: 6 August 2020 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract From a longitudinal survey conducted on 30 Danish mink farms in 2016, 11.0% of faecal samples (456/4140) were positive for Cystoisospora laidlawi oocysts by microscopy, with 60% (189/315) of mink being positive at least once during the study period. Morphological analysis of sporulated oocysts identified Cystoisospora oocysts measuring 34.3 × 29.5 μm with an oocyst length/ width (L/W) ratio of 1.2. The morphological features of the oocysts were identical to Isospora laidlawi previously morphological identified in farmed mink from Denmark and elsewhere. Phylogenetic analysis of 18S rDNA sequences (1221 bp) from three positive mink indicated that Cystoisospora from mink shared the highest genetic similarity to C. canis from a Canadian dog (99.6%). The phylogenetic analysis placed Cystoisospora from mink in a clade with other Cystoisospora isolates. Keywords Mink . Neovison vison . Morphology . Genetic characterization . 18S rDNA . Phylogeny
Introduction The American mink (Neovison vison) is a semiaquatic species belonging to the family Mustelidae. Mink were introduced to Danish fur farms in the 1930s (Anon 2017a), and Denmark has an annual production of mink skins of around 17 million (Anon 2017b). Handling Editor: Julia Walochnik * H. H. Petersen [email protected] 1
Centre for Diagnostics, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
2
School of Veterinary and Life Sciences, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Western Australia 6150, Australia
3
Present address: Centre for Rich Nature, The Danish Environmental Protection Agency, Tolderlundsvej 5, DK-5000 Odense C, Denmark
4
Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
5
Present address: Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Grønnegårdsvej 15, 1870 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
Cystoisospora (Coccidia: Sarcocystidae) is a genus of apicomplexan parasites causing the disease cystoisosporiasis. Cystoisospora species appear identical to Isospora species, except for their ability to infect additional host species and that the sporocysts lack a stieda body (Fayer and Dubey 1987). These biological and morphological differences coupled with molecular data have resulted in Isospora species infecting mammals being transferred to Cystoisospora (Frenkel 1977; Barta et al. 2005). The literature on Cystoisospora infections in farmed mink is scarce, and only a few previous studies are available. To date, a total of 19 Cystoisospora species from the fami
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