Cryptosporidiosis in Farmed Animals
Cryptosporidiosis was first identified as a disease of veterinary, rather than human medical, importance, and infection of farmed animals with different species of Cryptosporidium continues to be of veterinary clinical concern. This chapter provides insig
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Cryptosporidiosis in Farmed Animals Lucy J. Robertson, Camilla Bjo¨rkman, Charlotte Axe´n, and Ronald Fayer
Abstract Cryptosporidiosis was first identified as a disease of veterinary, rather than human medical, importance, and infection of farmed animals with different species of Cryptosporidium continues to be of veterinary clinical concern. This chapter provides insights into Cryptosporidium infection in a range of farmed animals – cattle, sheep, goats, pigs, cervids, camelids, rabbits, water buffalo and poultry – presenting not only an updated overview of the infection in these animals, but also information on clinical disease, infection dynamics and zoonotic potential. Although extensive data have been accrued on, for example, Cryptosporidium parvum infection in calves, and calf cryptosporidiosis continues to be a major veterinary concern especially in temperate regions, there remains a paucity of data for other farmed animals, despite Cryptosporidium infection causing
L.J. Robertson (*) Parasitology Laboratory, Section for Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Department of Food Safety and Infection Biology, Norwegian School of Veterinary Science, Postbox 8146 Dep, Oslo 0033, Norway e-mail: [email protected] C. Bjo¨rkman Division of Ruminant Medicine and Veterinary Epidemiology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, P.O. Box 7054, Uppsala SE-750 07, Sweden e-mail: [email protected] C. Axe´n Department of Animal Health and Antimicrobial Strategies, National Veterinary Institute, SE-751 89 Uppsala, Sweden e-mail: [email protected] R. Fayer Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Environmental Microbial and Food Safety Laboratory, Building 173 Powder Mill Road, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA e-mail: [email protected] S.M. Caccio` and G. Widmer (eds.), Cryptosporidium: parasite and disease, DOI 10.1007/978-3-7091-1562-6_4, © Springer-Verlag Wien 2014
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significant clinical disease and also, for some species, with the potential for transmission of infection to people, either directly or indirectly.
4.1 4.1.1
Introduction Species of Cryptosporidium Relevant to Different Farmed Animals: Overview
Farmed animals, also commonly referred to as livestock or domesticated animals, are those animals that are reared in an agricultural setting in order to produce various commodities – usually food (meat, organs, eggs, dairy products), and/or hair or wool. In some settings farmed animals are also used to supply labour, and the manure of domesticated animals is often used as fertilizer. Animals were probably first farmed, that is their breeding and living conditions controlled by their human owners, around 7000–8000 BC during the first transitions from huntergatherer lifestyles to more settled agricultural living. The physiologies, behaviours, lifecycles of farmed animals generally differ quite substantially from those characteristics of the equivalent wild animals, and this difference impacts the i
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