Morphological and performance evaluation of highly sulfonated polyethersulfone/polyethersulfone membrane for oil/water s
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Morphological and performance evaluation of highly sulfonated polyethersulfone/polyethersulfone membrane for oil/water separation Tohid Tavangar 1 & Farzin Zokaee Ashtiani 1 & Mohammad Karimi 2
# The Polymer Society, Taipei 2020
Abstract This study includes the fabrication of highly sulfonated polyethersulfone (SPES)/polyethersulfone (PES) blended membranes with superior properties for effective oil/water separation. In this regard membranes with different content of SPES and degree of sulfonation (DS) were fabricated. Highly sulfonated PES was synthesized by chlorosulfonic acid and concentrated sulfuric acid at low temperature. FTIR and DS analysis confirmed the presence of sulfonic acid groups on the PES backbone. The phase inversion process of membrane fabrication was studied by ternary phase diagram construction and dope solutions viscosity measurement. Fabricated membranes were characterized by SEM, water contact angle, porosity, pure water flux, and mechanical strength. The SEM images demonstrated that blended membranes have wider finger-like pores in their structure compared to bare PES membrane. Results indicated that by increasing SPES content and DS, permeability increased but mechanical strength decreased. The membranes fabricated by 50% SPES with 37% DS and 50% PES has the highest permeability (59.89 l/m2.h) with 93.3% oil rejection. Also antifouling properties of blended membranes improved remarkably compared to PES membrane. Keywords Polyethersulfone . Highly sulfonated polyethersulfone . Morphology . Microfiltration . Oil/water separation
Introduction Oily wastewater is a common by-product of various industries such as oil and gas, mining, food and beverage, textiles, metal/ steel industries, domestic sewage, etc. which has become a serious ecological problem and major environmental concern all over the world [1–6]. To address these issues as well as the scarcity of fresh water, various separation methods including physical, chemical, and biological have been reported so far [7–9]. The selection of appropriate methods depends on the type of oil existing in oily wastewater (free-floating oil, stable, and unstable emulsions) and the oil concentration [10, 11]. Conventional separation methods such as gravity-based
* Farzin Zokaee Ashtiani [email protected] 1
Department of Chemical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology (Tehran Polytechnic), Hafez Avenue, Tehran 15914, Iran
2
Department of Textile Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology (Tehran Polytechnic), Hafez Avenue, Tehran 15914, Iran
settling and/or flotation can remove unstable emulsions and free-floating oil [12, 13], but these methods are not efficient for stable emulsions containing micron or submicron size droplets and fail to meet the environmental regulations [14, 15]. To overcome these problems, membrane-based processes have been offered as a promising solution. Microfiltration (MF) [16] and Ultrafiltration (UF) [17], as powerful techniques, can effectively remove oil droplets from stable emulsion (o
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