Morphological variability of red head cabbage ( Brassica oleracea L. var. capitata L. subvar. rubra ) populations
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RESEARCH ARTICLE
Morphological variability of red head cabbage (Brassica oleracea L. var. capitata L. subvar. rubra) populations ¨ zbakır O ¨ zer Mehtap O
Received: 4 April 2020 / Accepted: 22 October 2020 Ó Springer Nature B.V. 2020
Abstract Red head cabbage is among the significant winter vegetables largely produced in various parts of the world and Turkey. This study was conducted for morphological characterization of red head cabbage populations supplied from different gene banks of the world and to determine similarities and differences among the genotypes. Morphological characteristics of the genotypes were defined in accordance with the criteria of International Union for the Protection of New Varieties of Plants (UPOV) and International Plant Genetic Resources Institute (IBPGR). Principle component analysis (PCA) was used to investigate variations in 27 traits of red head cabbage populations. The first nine principal component axes accounted for 73.96% of the total multivariate variation among the populations. The first principal component (PC1) were the most important component and red head cabbage traits that constitute the PC1 (plant diameter, weight of head, length of head, diameter of head and head volume) were in fact the characteristics considered by breeders to be of greatest importance in cabbage breeding. Experimental data were also subjected to cluster analysis and it was observed that red head cabbage populations were clustered in eight groups. The dendrogram generated to assess the similarities of the populations revealed a high variation among the ¨. O ¨ zer (&) M. O Department of Horticulture, Black Sea Agricultural Research Instıtute, Samsun, Turkey e-mail: [email protected]
genotypes. These results are very important for hybrid red head cabbage breeding studies and can help breeders to select genotypes with the desired traits in redhead cabbage. Keywords Characterization Cluster analysis Genetic resources Principal component analysis Red head cabbage
Introduction Red head cabbage is quite rich in antioxidants and fiber, thus has an important place in human nutrition (Jacob et al. 2011; Gaafar et al. 2014). It is a winter vegetable with significant economic contributions to growers and widely produced in several parts of Turkey. Annual red head cabbage production of Turkey is 187.948 tons. Samsun province with an annual production of 109.570 tons alone meets about 57% of country production. In terms of production quantities, Samsun province is followed by Konya (12.356 tons), Antalya (11.631 tons) and Bursa (10.477 tons) provinces (TUI˙K 2019). Such a great production potential of Samsun province brings about significant contributions to regional economy. Identification and breeding studies on red head cabbage thus should be conducted in an ecology with such a great production potential.
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Genet Resour Crop Evol
Since red head cabbage is mostly a foreignpollinating vegetable species, it has a large genetic diversity.
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