Morphology and Physiology of Plant Tumors
The tumor problem is basically a problem of growth. It is, moreover. a problem of the uncontrolled growth of altered cells by more or less random division. Rate of growth does not in itself characterize the tumor cell since certain normal cell types may g
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Morphology and Physiology of Plant Tumors By ARMIN
C.
BRAUN
The RockefeIler Institute for
and
~1edical
TOM STONlER
Research, "'{e\\- York, N. Y.
With '7 Figures Contents Illtroduetioll . . . . . . The Crown Gall Disease Introduetion Morphological aspects Histological aspeets . Cytological aspeets . . Physiological aspeets A. The two-phase concept of tumor developIllell~ B. The role of the baeteria in tumor formation . C. The role of the wound in tumor inception . . D. The possible role of baeterial auxin as a "cocarcinogen" In tumor genesis '" . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . E. The growth-substance metabolism of crOWll gaU tumor cells 1. Auxin metabolism of the crown gaH tumor ceU . . . . . 2. Substances limiting for ceH division . . . . . . . . . . . 3. Other faetors required for rapid autonomous growth of crown gaU tumor ceHs . . . . . . . . F. The tumor-inducing principle Discussion of the crown gaU diase Habituation Virus Tumors Introduetion The inciting agent In vitra studies . . Tumor-initiating stimuli Morphological and genetic aspeets Histological amI cytological aspects Discussion of VlrllS tumors (;enetic Tumors Introduetion Morphology Protoplasmatolog'ia X, 5 a
A. C. Braun et al., Morphology and Physiology of Plant Tumors © Springer-Verlag in Vienna 1958
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Histology . . . Cytology Genetic aspects In vitra studies Discussion of gcnetic tumors General Discussion Acknowledgemcnts Bibliography
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Introduction Thc tumor problem is basically a problem of growth. It is, moreover", a prüblem of the uncontrolled grüwth of altered cells by müre or lcss randüm division. Rate of growth does not in itself characterize the tumor ('eIl since certain normal ceIl types may grow and divide at considerably faster rates than do müst tumür ceIls. The tumor cell need not, however, be lacking the capacity tü differentiate and functiünate, Certain malignant teratümata may retain these prüperties to a striking degree. The ülle biülogical characteristic that distinguishes the tumor celI from the normal ceIl is its capacity für the uncüntroIled or autünomous grüwth withill an o.rganism, W,ithüut this there wüuld be no. tumürs. Autonümy exhibited by neüplastic growth has many gradations. At one extreme are found the benign tumors which grüw slowly and remain lücalized in the host; at the other are the müst malignant cancers that invade neighbo.ring tissues and spread thrüugho.ut an o.rganism by metastasis. The nature üf autünümy remains a füremüst prüblem in experimental üncülügy, The fundamental similarity üf cells and cellular prücesses is commünly recognized. Since the capacity für autünümüus grüwth is pütentially a property of the cell itself, it is likely to be expressed in the cells üf all lligher ürganisms wh ether they are üf animal or plant ürigin. It dües not necessarily foIlüw, hüwever, that the ceIlular mec
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