Multi-Step Thermodynamic Calculation for Copper Dross Bath Smelting Process
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Multi-Step Thermodynamic Calculation for Copper Dross Bath Smelting Process Boyi Xie 1,2 & Hui Xiao 1,2 & Lin Chen 1,2 & Weifeng Liu 1,2 & Duchao Zhang 1,2 & Tianzu Yang 1,2 Received: 25 May 2020 / Accepted: 5 October 2020 # Society for Mining, Metallurgy & Exploration Inc. 2020
Abstract The oxygen-rich bath smelting process of copper dross was simulated using Factsage software. It was found that the two-step simulation results agreed better with the industrial data, especially in the speiss. Bi, Pb, Sb, As, and Cu contents in the speiss by two-step simulation differed from the industrial data by 0.6 wt.%, 0.8 wt.%, 2.6 wt.%, 7.2 wt.%, and 8.6 wt.%, respectively. Twostep simulation results indicated that the speiss partitioning of Sb, As, and Cu increased from 60.1%, 32.3%, and 27.5% to 81.6%, 67.8%, and 47.2%, respectively, with the smelting temperature increasing from 1050 °C to 1250 °C. While the metal partitioning of Sb and Cu increased from 0% and 2.7% to 15.2% and 13.3%, respectively, with the separation temperature increasing from 400 °C to 700 °C. Keywords Copper dross . Oxygen-rich bath smelting . Thermodynamic simulation . Two-step simulation . Partitioning
1 Introduction Heavy non-ferrous metal smelting is commonly a complex process involving high temperature, various components and phases. The element partitioning in high-temperature metallurgical processes was often studied by static experiments in laboratory scale [1, 2], and the statistics method concerning the elements partitioning was generally adopted in industrial scale [3, 4]. Simulation of elements behaviors in pyrometallurgical processes by thermodynamic equilibrium modeling has received growing attention and has been used to guide industrial operations in recent years [5]. The lead concentrate oxygen-rich smelting process [6] and copper flash smelting process [7] were simulated using HSC software, and the partitioning of Pb, Bi, As, and Cd with the variation of oxygen/feed ratio was calculated. Wang et al. [8] established a multi-phase equilibrium model of copper smelting by oxygen bottom blowing on the basis of Gibbs free energy minimum principle. The partitioning of impurities As, Sb, Bi, Pb,
* Lin Chen [email protected] 1
School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
2
National Engineering Laboratory for High Efficiency Recovery of Refractory Nonferrous Metals, Changsha 410083, China
and Zn in the copper smelting process can be calculated, and the calculation results were in good agreement with the industrial data. Therefore, it is feasible to study the relationship between behaviors of minor elements and operation parameters in the oxygen-rich smelting process using the thermodynamic equilibrium simulation method. Copper dross is an intermediate product of the lead pyrorefining process. Containing various heavy metal elements— Pb, Cu, As, Sb, etc.—copper dross is a complex polymetallic material. The soda-iron scrap method is the most widely used pyrometallurgical process for copper dros
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