Characterization of Copper Smelting Flue Dusts from a Bottom-Blowing Bath Smelting Furnace and a Flash Smelting Furnace
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ith the School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha, 410083 Hunan, China and also with the Department of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, P.O. Box 16100, 00076 Aalto, Finland. ZONGWEN ZHAO is with the School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University. PEKKA TASKINEN and ARI JOKILAAKSO are with the Department of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University. YANJIE LIANG is with the School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University and also with Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Control & Treatment of Heavy Metal Pollution, Changsha, 410083 Hunan, China, and also with the Shandong Yanggu Xiangguang Copper Co., Ltd., Liaocheng, 252327 Shandong, China. HONGCHUAN OUYANG is with the China Minmetals Co., Ltd., Changning, 412004 Hunan, China. BING PENG and HUI LIU are with the School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University and also with the Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Control & Treatment of Heavy Metal Pollution. Contact e-mail: [email protected] SONGLIN ZHOU is with the Shandong Yanggu Xiangguang Copper Co., Ltd. TAO CHEN is with the Shandong Humon Smelting Co., Ltd., Yantai, 204109 Shandong, China. NING PENG is with the School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University and also with Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Control & Treatment of Heavy Metal Pollution and also with the School of Material Science and Engineering, Central South University. Contact e-mail: [email protected] Manuscript submitted December 13, 2019.
METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS B
INTRODUCTION
COPPER is an indispensable basic commodity and an important strategic material for the development of national economies. About 80 pct of the word’s copper-from-ore originates from Cu-Fe-S ores, which are not easily dissolved by aqueous solution. Therefore, a vast majority of copper extraction from these minerals is based on pyrometallurgical processing.[1] With the continuous decrease of copper concentrate grades, the increasingly complex compositions and stricter environmental requirements, development of clean and efficient copper extraction methods has become evident.[2,3] There are two main types of modern copper smelting processes: bath smelting, represented in this study by the bottom-blowing bath smelting (BBS) process, and the suspension smelting, represented here by the flash smelting (FS) process.[4] The FS and the BBS processes have their characteristic features in copper making. The FS technology is advanced, mature, and reliable. It is accompanied by advantages of a large single furnace treatment capacity and a long campaign life. However, there are also disadvantages such as drying of the feed mixture, large number of copper water jackets in the furnace vessel, and a high investment cost in small smelter capacities.[5–7] The BBS process is a newly
developed smelting technology,[8] which is widely applied
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