Multiple cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript genes in yellowtail Seriola quinqueradiata : cloning, tissue dist
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE Biology
Multiple cocaine‑ and amphetamine‑regulated transcript genes in yellowtail Seriola quinqueradiata: cloning, tissue distribution in the brain, and response to fasting and fish meal soluble fraction Haruhisa Fukada1 · Koji Murashita2 · Ayaka Senzui3 · Toshiro Masumoto1 Received: 22 August 2020 / Accepted: 21 October 2020 © Japanese Society of Fisheries Science 2020
Abstract Cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript (CART) is an anorexigenic peptide hormone of fish and other vertebrates. In aquaculture, appetite regulation of fish is important to improve their growth. We cloned five CART genes (cart1b, 2a, 2b, 3a, and 3b) from yellowtail Seriola quinqueradiata, which belong to CART groups 1, 2, and 3 across four CART branches according to phylogenetic analysis. The distribution of these five CART genes varied among the different regions of the brain in yellowtail. In the fasting-refeeding experiment, expression of cart1b and 2a in the hypothalamus showed a decreasing trend with fasting, but recovered after the fish refed. Anorexigenic responses were observed in cart1b expression in the telencephalon and hypothalamus, and in cart2a expression in the telencephalon, hypothalamus, and cerebellum following fasting. None of the CART genes responded to smell, which was tested by the addition of a fish meal soluble fraction to the rearing water. The findings of this study indicate that cart1b and 2a in the telencephalon and hypothalamus have an anorexigenic effect in yellowtail. Furthermore, expression of these genes might be affected by changes in the nutritional condition of the fish. Keywords Appetite · Cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript · Tissue distribution · Yellowtail
Introduction Appetite is controlled by orexigenic and anorexigenic hormones in the central and peripheral nervous systems in vertebrates, including teleosts (Volkoff et al. 2005; Volkoff 2016; Rønnestad et al. 2017). It is important to understand appetite control mechanisms in fish to improve aquaculture production. Various appetite-related hormones have been identified in different fish species (Volkoff 2016; Rønnestad * Haruhisa Fukada fukaharu@kochi‑u.ac.jp 1
Faculty of Agriculture and Marine Science, Kochi University, 200 Monobe, Nankoku, Kochi 783‑8502, Japan
2
Physiological Function Division, Aquaculture Research Department, Fisheries Technology Institute, Japan Fisheries Research and Education Agency, Tamaki, Mie 519‑0423, Japan
3
Graduate School of Integrated Arts and Sciences, Kochi University, 200 Monobe, Nankoku, Kochi 783‑8502, Japan
et al. 2017), including orexigenic hormones such as orexin, agouti-related peptide, ghrelin, and neuropeptide Y (NPY), and anorexigenic hormones including cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript (CART), cholecystokinin (CCK), leptin, and amylin (Volkoff 2016). CART was first identified in the rat Rattus norvegicus (Douglass et al. 1995), and is known to have anorexigenic effects in mammals (Larsen and Hunter 2006). In fish, intraventricular adminis
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