Multiplex Flow Cytometric Immunoassays for High-Throughput Screening of Multiple Mycotoxin Residues in Milk
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Multiplex Flow Cytometric Immunoassays for High-Throughput Screening of Multiple Mycotoxin Residues in Milk Jianwen Qu 1 & Huijuan Xie 1 & Shuying Zhang 1 & Pengjie Luo 2 & Ping Guo 3 & Xianxiong Chen 1 & Yuebin Ke 1,4 & Junyu Zhuang 5 & Fangmei Zhou 5 & Wenxiao Jiang 1 Received: 24 June 2018 / Accepted: 5 December 2018 # Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2019
Abstract Microsphere-based immunoassays involving flow cytometry have recently gained popularity for use in protein detection and infectious disease diagnosis due to their simple assay format and capacity for multiplexed analysis. In this work, four mycotoxins, including aflatoxin M1 (AFM1), ochratoxin A (OTA), deoxynivalenol (DON), and fumonisin B1 (FB1), were selected as model analytes. A quadplex flow cytometric immunoassay (FCIA) was developed for detecting multiple mycotoxin residues in milk. The optimized quadplex FCIA exhibited satisfactory compatibility with the multiple mycotoxin residue analysis, with limits of detection (LODs) of 0.045 μg L−1 for AFM1, 0.94 μg L−1 for OTA, 7.48 μg L−1 for DON, and 2.45 μg L−1 for FB1. The recoveries of the target mycotoxins from spiked milk were 76–95%, with a relative standard deviation of less than 13.4%. Compared to traditional ELISA formats, the FCIA provided lower detection limits for multiple mycotoxin detection. Keywords Mycotoxin . Multi-analyte residue . Flow cytometric immunoassay . Milk . Food safety
Introduction Mycotoxins are toxic secondary metabolites produced by fungi. Fungi can easily grow on contaminated food samples, and they readily contaminate food with fungal secondary metabolites (Flores-Flores et al. 2015). Aspergillus, Fusarium, and Jianwen Qu and Huijuan Xie contributed equally to this work. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s12161-018-01412-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Wenxiao Jiang [email protected] 1
Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shenzhen University Health Sciences Center, Shenzhen 518060, China
2
Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Ministry of Health, Beijing 100021, China
3
Jiangxi Food Inspection and Testing Research Institute, Nanchang 330038, China
4
Key Laboratory of Molecular Epidemiology of Shenzhen, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen 518055, China
5
Guangdong Food Quality Supervision and Inspection Station, Guangdong Food Industry Institute, Guangzhou 510308, China
Penicillium, all known field fungi, are natural fungal flora often associated with foods (Nardiello et al. 2014). Since fungi have a widespread distribution in the environment, mycotoxins are one of the most important food contaminants (Yogendrarajah et al. 2014). The most prominent mycotoxins found in food are aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) (Jiang et al. 2013c), ochratoxin A (OTA) (Meng et al. 2014), deoxynivalenol (DON) (Tangni et al. 2010), fumonisin B1
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