Multivariate calibration combined differential pulse voltammetry for simultaneous electroanalytical determination of phe
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Multivariate calibration combined differential pulse voltammetry for simultaneous electroanalytical determination of phenolic compounds using a Fe3O4-modified carbon paste electrode Vu Hai Dang 1 & Vu Thi Thu 2 & Le Truong Giang 1 & Pham Thi Hai Yen 1 & Pham Hong Phong 1 & Vu Anh Tuan 1 & Vu Thi Thu Ha 1,2 Received: 15 May 2020 / Revised: 14 June 2020 / Accepted: 16 June 2020 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract In present study, a simple carbon paste electrode modified with iron oxide nanoparticles was used as an electrochemical sensor to analyze phenolic compounds. The combination of differential pulse voltammetry technique with partial least-squares multivariable analysis enabled simultaneous determination of six different compounds in phenolic mixtures (2,4-dimethylphenol, 2,4,6trichlorophenol, 2,4-dichlorophenol, 3-nitrophenol, 4-nitrophenol, and phenol). The proposed sensor was trained with standard mixtures to learn about fingerprint (current responses in voltammograms) before further applications in analysis of test mixtures and real samples. The results have shown that the proposed method is applicable to simultaneously detect six interested compounds with acceptable relative standard errors (less than 20% in most cases). These findings provide an effective tool for in situ and low-cost cost analysis of phenolic contaminants in water environments and phenolic compounds in foodstuffs. Keywords Phenols . DPV . Iron oxide . Carbon paste electrode . Multivariate analysis
Introduction Phenolic compounds are widely used in production of plastics, textiles, detergents, preservatives, fertilizers, explosives, and pharmaceutical products, as well as in mining and oil refinery. Consequently, the excess release of these compounds to water environment has posed serious problems to human health and the balance of aquatic ecosystem. For instance, acute exposure to phenolic compounds (i.e., phenol) generally causes immediate skin and eye irritation, and respiratory problems. Long-term exposure to phenolic compounds might Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s10008-020-04731-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Vu Thi Thu Ha [email protected] 1
Institute of Chemistry (IoC), Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay, Hanoi, Vietnam
2
University of Science and Technology of Hanoi (USTH), Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay, Hanoi, Vietnam
result in renal damage, liver damage, and cardiovascular diseases. According to FDA regulations, the phenol concentration in bottled drinking water should not exceed 1 ppb [1]. The phenolic contaminants in water resources might cause negative effects on fishes (even at 1–2 ppm) and other aquatic organisms (at 10–100 ppm) [2]. For those reasons, it is highly desirable to develop effective tools for analysis of phenolic compounds in water wastes. Conventional meth
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