Muscle imbalance in badminton athletes: preventive training programmes need to be designed
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LETTER TO EDITOR
Muscle imbalance in badminton athletes: preventive training programmes need to be designed Tengku Fadilah Tengku Kamalden1 · Qais Gasibat1 Received: 7 June 2020 / Accepted: 22 September 2020 © Springer-Verlag Italia S.r.l., part of Springer Nature 2020
Dear Editor, Whether it is acute or chronic, during competition and training, the overhead athlete is required to execute his/her skills several times. Therefore, the attraction of a stronger side of the body is very apparent. This is especially true for those who play one-sided games such as squash, badminton and water polo. Unfortunately, this leads to incidences of muscle imbalance, which has been linked to the occurrence of injuries as it substantially increases the risk due to the differences in strength and this is directly correlated to the decline in the performance of athletes [1]. Athletes are likely to suffer injuries attributed to muscle imbalance because of the different muscle forces applied in the dominant and non-dominant arms. The dominant arm applies muscle force nearly 10% greater than the non-dominant arm. The rotator cuff muscles and tendons in badminton players on the dominant arm exert more strength than that of the non-dominant arm. The ratio between eccentric antagonist and concentric agonist strength is significant in the analysis of shoulder symptoms displayed by badminton players [2]. For typical shoulder function, the belief is that the antagonist eccentric force should be as strong as the agonist concentric strength. Many researchers also believe eccentric strength is an important factor to determine the limb following the drive provided by the action of the agonist muscles. One of the many consequences of Muscle Imbalance is low back pain. Noormohammadpour et al. [3] looked at the prevalence of low back pain in distinct overhead sports among * Qais Gasibat [email protected] Tengku Fadilah Tengku Kamalden [email protected] 1
Department of Sport Studies, Faculty of Educational Studies, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), 43000 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
female athletes. Research results involving 1059 overhead athletes with a median age of 23.1 years revealed that 39.0 prevalence of low back pain was related to badminton (42.4%). Moreover, the activation of the trunk musculature has been demonstrated by numerous isometric shoulder exercises. Unilateral horizontal shoulder abduction and bilateral shoulder extension performed standing are related to the highest activation of trunk musculature. Meanwhile, it should be noted that the muscles that demonstrate the highest activation during unilateral horizontal abduction encompass the Multifidus and Longissimus muscles (highest activation on the contralateral side), whereas the External oblique and Rectus abdominis muscles are most highly activated during bilateral shoulder extension. The muscle imbalance from side to side in the shoulder and trunk has been indicated as a key factor of injuries in overhead sports athletes. Badminton players should also focus on exercis
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