Blood Flow Restriction Training in Athletes
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SPORTS MEDICINE REHABILITATION (BJ LIEM AND B KRABAK, SECTION EDITORS)
Blood Flow Restriction Training in Athletes Matthew R Kelly 1
&
Kevin J Cipriano 1 & Earle M Bane 1 & Bryan T Murtaugh 1
Accepted: 3 September 2020 # Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Purpose of Review This paper aims to review the available literature regarding blood flow restriction training (BFRT), summarize its mechanisms of action, address safety concerns, and help direct protocol development and practical implementation, particularly in athletes. Recent Findings Recent literature, in both athletic and clinical cohorts, has explored the safety and efficacy of BFRT; however, rigorous randomized controlled trials with consistent protocols are lacking. Summary BFRT is a promising clinical and athletic training tool; however, it should be used in a controlled setting with an individualized approach. Implementation as an adjunct to traditional resistance training appears useful, with particular benefit to individuals unable to tolerate high-load training. Evidence suggests consistent muscle hypertrophy and strength responses; however, more research is needed regarding its use in athlete-specific training and rehabilitation. Keywords Blood flow restriction . Kaatsu . Resistance training . Athletic performance . Vascular occlusion . Hypertrophy
Introduction and History In today’s competitive sports environment, athletes are constantly seeking an edge to improve performance. Any opportunity to add strength, gain speed, or recover more quickly from injury is highly desired. Resistance training (RT) has been a well-studied mainstay of sports performance programs for years. There is widespread consensus that resistance training results in skeletal muscle hypertrophy, strength development, and improved endurance, though training protocols vary greatly. Resistance exercise also promotes overall wellbeing by preventing age-related muscle loss, improving bone health, and reducing the risk of cardiovascular disease and type-two diabetes [1–3]. Adaptations to traditional protocols, aiming to maximize training efficiency, are of particular interest to athletes.
This article is part of the Topical Collection on Sports Medicine Rehabilitation * Matthew R Kelly [email protected] 1
MedStar National Rehabilitation Network/Georgetown University Hospital, 102 Irving St NW, Washington, DC 20010, USA
Among these adaptations, blood flow restriction training (BFRT), a type of ischemic therapy (IT), has seen increased use over the last decade and research into its safety and efficacy has quickly followed. Originally developed in the 1960s in Japan by Yoshiaki Sato, IT involves the intentional restriction of blood flow to a muscle by means of an external occlusive device. Sato originally developed “Kaatsu” training (meaning “added pressure”) after noting muscle swelling from prolonged kneeling that restricted blood flow to his legs. His hypothesis, that restricted blood flow could lead to muscle hypertrophy, wa
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