The Effect of Strength Training on Performance in Endurance Athletes
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SYSTEMATIC REVIEW
The Effect of Strength Training on Performance in Endurance Athletes Kris Beattie • Ian C. Kenny • Mark Lyons Brian P. Carson
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Published online: 15 February 2014 Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2014
Abstract Background Economy, velocity/power at maximal oxy_ 2 max =wVO _ 2 max ) and endurance-specific gen uptake (vVO muscle power tests (i.e. maximal anaerobic running velocity; vMART), are now thought to be the best performance predictors in elite endurance athletes. In addition to cardiovascular function, these key performance indicators are believed to be partly dictated by the neuromuscular system. One technique to improve neuromuscular efficiency in athletes is through strength training. Objective The aim of this systematic review was to search the body of scientific literature for original research investigating the effect of strength training on performance indicators in well-trained endurance athletes—specifically _ 2 max = wVO _ 2 max and muscle power (vMART). economy, vVO Methods A search was performed using the MEDLINE, PubMed, ScienceDirect, SPORTDiscus and Web of Science search engines. Twenty-six studies met the inclusion criteria (athletes had to be trained endurance athletes with C6 months endurance training, training C6 h per week OR _ 2 max C50 mL/min/kg, the strength interventions had to VO be C5 weeks in duration, and control groups used). All studies were reviewed using the PEDro scale. Results The results showed that strength training improved _ 2 max =wVO _ 2 max and time-trial performance, economy, vVO vMART in competitive endurance athletes. Conclusion The present research available supports the addition of strength training in an endurance athlete’s _ 2 max =wVO _ 2 max , programme for improved economy, vVO
K. Beattie (&) I. C. Kenny M. Lyons B. P. Carson Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland e-mail: [email protected]
muscle power and performance. However, it is evident that further research is needed. Future investigations should include valid strength assessments (i.e. squats, jump squats, drop jumps) through a range of velocities (maximalstrength $ strength-speed $ speed-strength $ reactivestrength), and administer appropriate strength programmes (exercise, load and velocity prescription) over a long-term intervention period ([6 months) for optimal transfer to performance. 1 Introduction Endurance sport performance relies on a complex interplay of physiological and biomechanical factors. Cardiovascular capacity has often been thought to be the main limiting factor in endurance performance. Classical measures such as _ 2 max ) and lactate threshold (LT) maximal oxygen uptake (VO have been traditionally used in the laboratory to predict the performance potential of runners, cyclists, triathletes and cross-country skiers [1]. Consequently, physical preparation for these sports has generally focused on developing these two physiological qualities. However, elite endurance ath_ 2 max levels c
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