Myopia and Glaucoma
This book serves as an introductory reference on clinical aspects of glaucoma and myopia, providing essential guidelines for diagnosis and monitoring of glaucoma progression in patients, especially those with high myopias. Many clinical studies are presen
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Myopia and Glaucoma
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Kazuhisa Sugiyama • Nagahisa Yoshimura Editors
Myopia and Glaucoma
Editors Kazuhisa Sugiyama Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Science Kanazawa, Japan
Nagahisa Yoshimura Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Graduate School of Medicine and Faculty of Medicine Kyoto University Kyoto, Japan
ISBN 978-4-431-55671-8 ISBN 978-4-431-55672-5 DOI 10.1007/978-4-431-55672-5
(eBook)
Library of Congress Control Number: 2015952456 Springer Tokyo Heidelberg New York Dordrecht London © Springer Japan 2015 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. Printed on acid-free paper Springer Japan KK is part of Springer Science+Business Media (www.springer.com)
Preface
The association between myopia and glaucoma has been the subject of many clinical trials and population-based studies. Most have suggested that moderate to high myopia is associated with increased risk of primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) and normal-tension glaucoma. Diagnosis of glaucoma involves several factors, including the level of intraocular pressure, characteristics of structural changes in the optic disc and retinal nerve fiber layer or inner retina, and functional deterioration, i.e., visual field defects. However, the clinical diagnosis of glaucoma in highly myopic eyes may be difficult. The optic discs of myopic patients are notoriously difficult to assess, especially those coexistent with tilted discs. The discs frequently appear glaucomatous with larger diameters, greater cup-to-disc ratios, and larger and shallower optic cups. With regard to visual field defects, myopic retinal degeneration, which is common in high myopias, may cause defects that mimic glaucomatous visual field defects. It is possible that such cases of high myopia may be misclassified or misdiagnosed as POAG. Myopia, especially in moderate to high myopia, tends to present with a thin retina and choroid as the elong
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