N 2 O Emissions Mitigation in Acidic Soil Following Biochar Application Under Different Moisture Regimes
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ORIGINAL PAPER
N2O Emissions Mitigation in Acidic Soil Following Biochar Application Under Different Moisture Regimes Muhammad Aamer 1 & Muhammad Shaaban 2 & Muhammad Umair Hassan 1 & Liu Ying 1 & Tang Haiying 1 & Ma Qiaoying 1 & Hassan Munir 3 & Adnan Rasheed 4 & Li Xinmei 1 & Li Ping 1 & Huang Guoqin 1 Received: 7 April 2020 / Accepted: 29 July 2020 # Sociedad Chilena de la Ciencia del Suelo 2020
Abstract Managing soil pH has been recognized as one of the promising options for N2O emission mitigation in acidic soils. Rice-straw biochar (BC) application to acidic soils can not only ameliorate soil acidity but also influence N2O emissions. We investigated the impact of various levels of rice-straw-derived biochar, a control (no biochar), 2% biochar, and 4% biochar under 50% and 90% water-filled pore space (WFPS) values. In comparison with the application of biochar at 2%, the application of biochar at 4% more pronouncedly altered soil properties (pH, ammonium (NH4+-N), nitrate (NO3-N), microbial biomass carbon (MBC), and abundance of nosZ and nirK genes). Similarly, more noticeable changes in soil properties were noted under 90% WFPS than under 50% WFPS. The soil pH increased from 5.67 to 7.29 with the 4% biochar application. In comparison with those following the 2% biochar application and the control, soil mineral N and the abundance of nosZ and nirK genes following the 4% biochar application were more augmented, thereby leading to a remarkable reduction in soil N2O emissions. The MBC content in the soil also increased with the BC applications, and the maximum MBC contents of 655 and 428 mg kg−1 dry soil were recorded with the 4% biochar application under 50% and 90% WFPS, respectively. Moreover, in comparison with the control, 4% BC mitigated soil N2O emissions by 83%, whereas cumulative N2O emissions were mitigated by 49%. In comparison with 90% WFPS, 50% WFPS produced 35% more N2O emissions. However, the biochar applications significantly (p < 0.05) reduced N2O emissions under both WFPS values owing to an increase in soil pH, which activated mineral N (NH4+-N and NO3−-N) and enhanced the abundance of nosZ and nirK genes. These results suggest that biochar applications can substantially diminish soil N2O emissions by triggering soil pH, soil C and N pools, and the abundance of nosZ and nirK genes. Keywords Biochar . Gene abundance . N2O emissions . Water regimes . pH
1 Introduction The rapid increase in global warming (GW) and climate change caused by an increase in greenhouse gas emissions
* Huang Guoqin [email protected] 1
Research Center on Ecological Sciences, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
2
Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
3
Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan
4
Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
(GHG) owing to human activities has
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