Nano Additives in Water Based Drilling Fluid for Enhanced-Performance Fluid-Loss-Control
Drilling fluid which is also known as drilling mud is a crucial element in oil and gas exploration process as it used to aid the drilling of boreholes into the earth. Among other functions, drilling fluid needs to carry drill cuttings to the surface of th
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Abstract Drilling fluid which is also known as drilling mud is a crucial element in oil and gas exploration process as it used to aid the drilling of boreholes into the earth. Among other functions, drilling fluid needs to carry drill cuttings to the surface of the well, support the walls of the well bore, provide hydrostatic pressure to prevent formation fluids from entering into the well bore, cool and lubricate the drill bit, prevent drill-pipe corrosion, facilitate the attainment of information about the formation being drilled, and create a thin low-permeability cake that protects permeable production formations. Water-based mud (WBM) is the most common drilling fluid used in oil industry. WBM is an expensive complex chemical system that is usually mixed with filtration-loss-prevention additives such as clay, lignite, or organic polymers, with bentonite clays being very common to control the fluid-loss during drilling process. These traditional additives are able to give an average fluid loss of 7.2 mL over 30 min and leaving a filter cake 280 lm thick. Graphene, as a single layer of graphite which is also considered nano-additive, has become the subject of much research interest for its unique materials properties. A pristine graphene monolayer has a theoretical surface area of 2965 m2/g and has been shown to form a membrane impermeable even to helium gas. This work presents the recent progress of using nano-materials such as graphene as an additive in WBM. Most recent report showed that graphene has the potential to decrease the fluid loss by 15–20% (due to its large surface area with very thin 2D layer, only 1 atom thick) compared to that of WBM with conventional additives, and to reduce
A.S. Muhsan (&) U. Siddiqui Petroleum Engineering Department, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, 32610 Seri Iskandar, Perak, Malaysia e-mail: [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected] N.M. Mohamed M.U. Shahid Fundamentals and Applied Sciences Department, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, 32610 Seri Iskandar, Perak, Malaysia © Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2017 M. Awang et al. (eds.), ICIPEG 2016, DOI 10.1007/978-981-10-3650-7_57
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the filter cake thickness up to 20–50 lm, which in turn can help to increase the oil production rate. In addition, adding graphene to WBM solutions is expected to lead to greater shear thinning and higher temperature stability compared to clay-based fluid loss additives. Keywords Graphene
Nano-additives Water-based mud Fluid loss control
1 Introduction The chemicals and additives used in the formation of a drilling fluid play a significant role in the preparation of mud, though the aspects of choosing the drilling mud and additives are complicated. The additives must focus on to cope with the drilling challenges in a cost-effective manner and reduction in exploitation risk. The formulation of drilling mud with the addition of one nano-material additive with specific properties and characteristics is likely to mitigate challen
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