Nanocatalysis Meets Biology
This chapter will review the currently available strategies for interfacing transition metal nanoparticles with enzymes and other more complex biological systems, as well as the applications of such biometal hybrids in the areas of catalysis, energy produ
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Nanocatalysis Meets Biology Oscar Verho and Jan-E. Bäckvall
Contents 1 Introduction 2 Nano Meets Bio in Organic Synthesis 2.1 Dynamic Kinetic Resolution: A Major Driver for the Development of Nanometal-Enzyme Hybrids 2.2 The Application of Nanometal-Enzyme Hybrids for Other Organic Transformations 2.3 Future Outlook on the Applications of Nanometal-Enzyme Hybrids in Organic Synthesis 3 Bioelectrocatalysis: An Exciting Arena for Nanometal-Enzyme Hybrids 3.1 Biofuel Cells Based on the Interfacing of Metal Nanoparticles and Enzymes 3.2 Outlook on the Future Applications of Enzymatic Biofuel Cells 4 Harnessing Microbes for Nanoparticle Synthesis 4.1 Biosynthesized Transition Metal Nanoparticles and Biometallic Whole Cell Systems in Catalysis 4.2 Future Outlook on Biometallic Whole Cell Catalysts 5 General Conclusions References
Abstract This chapter will review the currently available strategies for interfacing transition metal nanoparticles with enzymes and other more complex biological systems, as well as the applications of such biometal hybrids in the areas of catalysis, energy production, environmental remediation, and medicine. In the first part of this chapter, the focus will be on the many nanometal-enzyme hybrids that have been developed for applications in organic synthesis. Within the field of organic chemistry, nanometal-enzyme hybrids are often used as bifunctional catalysts to mediate O. Verho (*) Department of Organic Chemistry, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Uppsala Biomedical Centre, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden e-mail: [email protected] J.-E. Bäckvall (*) Department of Organic Chemistry, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden e-mail: [email protected]
O. Verho and J.-E. Bäckvall
different multistep transformations, as for example the dynamic kinetic resolution of alcohols and amines. The second part of this chapter will offer an overview of nanometal-enzyme hybrids that are used as bioelectrodes in biofuel cells. This area of research has grown significantly during the past decades, much because of the many potential future applications of such devices for medical purposes. Here, nanometal-enzyme hybrid based biofuel cells hold particular promise for biosensing applications, as well as for replacing battery-based solutions in actuator devices such as mechanical valves and pacemakers. In the final part of this chapter, the different strategies to use bacteria to synthesize metal nanoparticles will be reviewed. As will be shown by the many examples in this part, biologically synthesized and supported transition metal nanoparticles constitute interesting catalytic systems that could for example be used for energy production, pollutant degradation, and small molecule synthesis. Keywords catalysis · nanoparticles · nanometal-enzyme hybrids · biofuel cells · biosynthesis
1 Introduction With the rapid progress of the nanotechnology field in the past decades, there has been an explosion in the number of available methods for interfacing nanomaterials with bio
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