Nanolubricant additives: A review
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ISSN 2223-7690 CN 10-1237/TH
REVIEW ARTICLE
Nanolubricant additives: A review Jun ZHAO1,2,3, Yiyao HUANG1, Yongyong HE2,*, Yijun SHI3 1
College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
2
State Key Laboratory of Tribology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
3
Division of Machine Elements, Luleå University of Technology, Luleå 97187, Sweden
Received: 15 July 2020 / Accepted: 03 September 2020
© The author(s) 2020. Abstract: Using nanoadditives in lubricants is one of the most effective ways to control friction and wear, which is of great significance for energy conservation, emission reduction, and environmental protection. With the scientific and technological development, great advances have been made in nanolubricant additives in the scientific research and industrial applications. This review summarizes the categories of nanolubricant additives and illustrates the tribological properties of these additives. Based on the component elements of nanomaterials, nanolubricant additives can be divided into three types: nanometal-based, nanocarbonbased, and nanocomposite-based additives. The dispersion stabilities of additives in lubricants are also discussed in the review systematically. Various affecting factors and effective dispersion methods have been investigated in detail. Moreover, the review summarizes the lubrication mechanisms of nanolubricant additives including tribofilm formation, micro-bearing effect, self-repair performance, and synergistic effect. In addition, the challenges and prospects of nanolubricant additives are proposed, which guides the design and synthesis of novel additives with significant lubrication and antiwear properties in the future. Keywords: nanolubricant additive; dispersion stability; tribological properties; lubrication mechanism
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Introduction
Energy loss is an unneglected problem especially in the energy-shortage world, for instance, in a typical passenger car, 79% of fuel accounts for the energy loss, as shown in Fig. 1 [1]. Friction and wear are the main causes of energy loss and mechanical failure [2,3]. Approximately 1/3 of the world’s primary energy originates from friction consumption, and nearly 1/2 of the power of transportation equipment is consumed in friction [4]. Especially, about 4/5 of mechanical failure mainly results from worn-out parts. In addition, friction also causes serious problems with surface corrosion and environmental pollution. Therefore, reducing friction and wear plays an important role in prolonging mechanical equipment service life and in saving energy and emission
reduction. Lubrication is one of the most effective ways to control friction and wear, which is of great significance for energy conservation, emission reduction, and environmental protection [5]. Various methods have been adopted to minimize
Fig. 1 Breakdown of passenger car energy consumption. Reproduced with permission from Ref. [1], © Elsevier, 2019.
* Corresponding author: Yongyong HE, E-mail: he
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