Nanometrology satellite workshop reveals significant progress
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delivered to the cells through the nanotube channels, a promising growing interdisciplinary research field for biophysics. The study of specific enzymes at the single-enzyme level studied from a nanotube sensor viewpoint was also featured, and suggests development of interdisciplinary group activities between biologists, chemists, physicists, and materials scientists, as promoted by the US National Institutes of Health. The study of biological damage for medical applications is another research direction that is occurring. The injection of singlewalled carbon nanotubes into lung and neuron cells has been found to be damaging for SWNT lengths in excess of 200 nm. Innovations like ionic liquids when combined with carbon nanotubes have been shown to provide novel functionality when used with electrolytes, and for increasing the flexibility and stretchability of materials used in supercapacitors. Nanocarbons have for some time been used for battery applications, but at NT13 we saw new uses of nanotubes to increase the performance of battery materials, as well as of carbon fiber yarn materials. Other examples of the use of nanotubes in other fields of science include their use as active probes in plas-
monics, in increasing the sensitivity in piezoresistance measurements, in scaleup of piezoresistance technology applications, and to microelectromechanical systems technology at the nanoscale. These are just a few of the highlights presented at NT13. In addition, satellite workshops were held on more focused topics, such as nanometrology as reported by Ado Jorio in this issue of MRS Bulletin. The interaction between theoretical and experimental research to advance research frontiers should be further promoted to accelerate the progress of nanotube research into new directions. Increasing interest in carbon nanotubes globally follows general international growth trends in nanotube research (see Figure). Remarkably, as the graph shows, while graphene came onto the scene with such fervor, advances in nanotube research also continue to flourish. Due to Europe’s Graphene Flagship program that started in the Fall of 2013, we may expect in the future to more regularly see novel examples of graphene/ nanotube hybrid structures presented at international conferences. Mildred S. Dresselhaus, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, USA
Nanometrology satellite workshop reveals significant progress nt13.aalto.fi/satellites/MSIN13
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bout six years ago, the international ISO Standards Committee began emphasizing carbon nanotubes and related materials as a prototype material for establishing nanometrology standards. These standards are needed in order to transition the achievements in nanoscience to nanotechnology. Due to the different properties exhibited by materials in bulk form as compared to the nanoscale, the research community recognizes the need for establishing metrology on the nanoscale level. In view of this need, the International Conference on Carbon Nanotubes established a satellite series of workshops on this topic. The Si
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