Nanomonitors: Nanomaterial Based Devices Towards Clinical Immunoassays
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1095-EE06-08
Nanomonitors: Nanomaterial Based Devices Towards Clinical Immunoassays Shalini Prasad1, Manish Bothara1, Ravikiran Reddy2, John Carruthers1, and Thomas Barrett3 1 Portland State Univ, Portland, OR, 97201 2 ECE, Portland State Univ, Portland, OR, 97201 3 Medicine, OHSU, Portland, OR, 97205 Nanomonitors: Nanomaterial Based Devices Towards Clinical Immunoassays S.Prasad 1,*, M.Bothara 1, R.K.K Reddy1, J. Carruthers2 and T. Barrett3 1
Department of Electrical and computer Engr, Portland, State University Department of Physics Portland State University 3 Department of Medicine, Oregon Health and Sciences University 2
Abstract The immobilization of biomolecules on a solid substrate and their localization in ‘‘small’’ regions are major requirements for a variety of biomedical diagnostic applications, where rapid and accurate identification of multiple biomolecules is essential. In this specific application we have fabricated nanomitors for identifying specific protein biomarkers based on the electrical detection of antibody-antigen binding events. The nanomonitor, lab-on-a-chip device technology is based on electrical detection of protein biomarkers. It is based on developing high density, low volume multi-well plate devices. The scientific core of this technology lies in integrating nanomaterial with micro fabricated chip platforms and exploiting the improve surface area to volume to improve the detection. The devices that have been developed utilize electrical detection mechanisms where capacitance and conductance changes due to protein binding are used as “signatures” for biomarker profiling. In comparison to optical methods, the electrical detection technique is non-invasive as well as a label free. The signal acquisition is simple and it uses the existing data acquisition and signal analysis methods Introduction: Proteomics research has identified many new biomarkers that have the potential to greatly improve disease diagnosis (1,2,3,4). Combination of multiple biomarkers has been determined to provide the information necessary for robust diagnosis of a disease associated with a person within a population (5, 6, 7). In addition, detection of biomarkers associated with different stages of disease pathogenesis could further facilitate early detection. Widespread use of protein biomarkers in healthcare will ultimately depend upon the development of techniques that allow rapid and multiplexed detection of a wide range of biomarkers with high selectivity and sensitivity. This goal has not been attained with any existing immunoassay method, including ELISA (6, 8, 9, 10). On the other hand
electrical biosensors can be extremely sensitive and can be modified to function as immunoassays meeting the improved performance metric requirements. There are currently three electrical biosensor technologies for biomolecule detection: - (a) Electrochemical conductance measurements, (b) Field Effect Transistor (FET) based transconductance measurements (11) and (c) Electrochemical capacitance measurements (12). Lieber’s
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