Nanosized Zinc Sulfide/Reduced Graphene Oxide Composite Synthesized from Natural Bulk Sphalerite as Good Performance Ano
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https://doi.org/10.1007/s11837-020-04372-5 2020 The Minerals, Metals & Materials Society
GRAPHENE-BASED COMPOSITE MATERIALS AND APPLICATIONS
Nanosized Zinc Sulfide/Reduced Graphene Oxide Composite Synthesized from Natural Bulk Sphalerite as Good Performance Anode for Lithium-Ion Batteries YUN HAI,1 SHUONAN WANG,1 HAO LIU LEFU MEI,1 and LIBING LIAO1,4
,2,3 GUOCHENG LV,1
1.—Beijing Key Laboratory of Materials Utilization of Nonmetallic Minerals and Solid Wastes, School of Materials Science and Technology, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China. 2.—School of Science, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China. 3.—e-mail: [email protected]. 4.—e-mail: [email protected]
Although transition-metal sulfides have emerged recently as a type of promising candidate to serve as lithium-ion battery anodes, the chemical synthesis of transition metal-sulfide materials usually involves a complex operation process and is time-consuming. The natural transition metal-sulfide minerals are potential materials for lithium-ion battery electrodes because of their abundant reserves and cost savings of the synthesis process. The synthesis of nanosized transition metal-sulfide-based materials from natural bulk minerals remains challenging. In our work, we demonstrate that a composite of 10–50-nm ZnS nanoparticles that are anchored on reduced grapheneoxide nanosheets can be synthesized by using bulk natural sphalerite in a simple, rapid and pollution-free microwave shock method. As anode electrode, this composite exhibited a high reversible specific capacity ( 611 mAh g 1 at 0.1 C), good rate performance and good cycling stability. This work provides a route for the high-value utilization of natural minerals.
INTRODUCTION Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) are considered promising energy storage devices and are used extensively in daily life and scientific and technological developments, including in portable energy storage devices, electric vehicles, aerospace and other fields.1–5 Despite the increase in high-capacity demand for thinner, lightweight batteries, because of the low theoretical capacity (372 mAh g 1) of graphitic carbon, limited breakthroughs have been achieved in its use in commercial anodes.6,7 As a transition-metal sulfide, ZnS has emerged as a promising candidate to serve as an anode in LIBs because of its considerable advantages, such as its nontoxicity, low cost and high theoretical capacity.8,9 Nevertheless, some disadvantages remain, including the large volume change and low electronic conductivity of transition-metal sulfides, (Received March 23, 2020; accepted September 1, 2020)
which restrict their commercial application in LIBs. Two strategies exist to address these problems: the synthesis of nanoscale ZnS9–11 and its compositing with carbon materials.12,13 The first strategy can shorten the lithium ion and electron transport distance in the solid significantly, whereas the other can improve the electronic conductivity of the composite significantly. Progress has been made in bot
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