Nanotechnology and Its Drug Delivery Applications
Drug delivery is attractive approach for medicine field, as more potent and specific drugs are being developed. With the integration of nanotechnology, so-called smart drug-delivery systems integrate biosensing functionalities which sustain independently
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Nanotechnology and Its Drug Delivery Applications
Abstract Drug delivery is attractive approach for medicine field, as more potent and specific drugs are being developed. With the integration of nanotechnology, socalled smart drug-delivery systems integrate biosensing functionalities which sustain independently in vivo reaction control that resulting in part unique features of the term Nanomedicine. Nanotechnology is one of the very frontiers of science today. Current polymeric research is dominantly participating in the advancement of nanotechnology by offering the controlled release of therapeutic agents in constant doses over prolong periods, cyclic dosage, and tunable release of both hydrophilic and hydrophobic drugs. Many biomaterials can be used to this end, offering extensive chemical diversity and the potential for further modification using nanoparticles. Conventional methods of drug delivery present several disadvantages, mainly due to off-target effects that may originate severe side and toxic effect to healthy tissues. New drug delivery systems based on nanoscale devices showing new and improved properties and developed as promising solutions for achieving desirable therapeutic efficacy. Here, we provide a broad overview of novel nanoparticle based drug delivery systems, covering its innovations, applications and commercialization systems using both natural and synthetic polymers. Keywords Drug delivery • Cancer therapy • Nanoparticles • Toxicology • Pharmaceuticals
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Introduction
Various researchers are currently working on nanotechnology especially in medicine and further more specifically in drug delivery. Wide ranges of materials are under examination investigation for drug delivery and more specifically for cancer therapy. Potential sectors in biomedical field has started using nanoparticles to minimize the toxicity and side effects of drugs and up to recently did not realize that carrier systems themselves may impose risks to the patient. The kind of hazards that are introduced by using nanoparticles for drug delivery are beyond that posed by conventional hazards imposed by chemicals in classical delivery
© Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2016 S. Bhatia, Natural Polymer Drug Delivery Systems, DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-41129-3_1
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Nanotechnology and Its Drug Delivery Applications
matrices. For nanoparticles the knowledge on particle toxicity as obtained in inhalation toxicity shows the way how to investigate the potential hazards of nanoparticles. The toxicology of particulate matter differs from toxicology of substances as the composing chemical(s) may or may not be soluble in biological matrices, thus influencing greatly the potential exposure of various internal organs. This may vary from a rather high local exposure in the lungs and a low or neglectable exposure for other organ systems after inhalation. However, absorbed species may also influence the potential toxicity of the inhaled particles. For nanoparticles the situation is different as their size opens the potential for
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