Near-infrared light-driven yolk@shell carbon@silica nanomotors for fuel-free triglyceride degradation
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Near-infrared light-driven yolk@shell carbon@silica nanomotors for fuel-free triglyceride degradation Yi Xing, Songsong Tang, Xin Du (),Tailin Xu (), and Xueji Zhang () Research Center for Bioengineering and Sensing Technology, Beijing Key Laboratory for Bioengineering and Sensing Technology, Department of Chemistry & Biological Engineering, University of Science & Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China © Tsinghua University Press and Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020 Received: 15 July 2020 / Revised: 4 September 2020 / Accepted: 5 September 2020
ABSTRACT Yolk@shell mesoporous nanoparticles have received close attention due to their controllable structures and integrated functions. However, most yolk@shell nanosystems lack self-propulsion. Herein, yolk@spiky–shell structured carbon@silica nanomotors are fabricated with near-infrared (NIR) light self-thermophoretic propulsion as lipase nanocarriers for fuel-free triglyceride degradation. The light propulsion accelerates the accumulation of nanomotors on the droplet interface, and the efficient lipase loading further facilitates the rapid degradation of tributyrin droplets. By adjusting the yolk and spiky structure, the obtained semi–yolk@spiky–shell structured nanomotors exhibit the highest capacity of lipase (442 mg/g) and the highest light-driven diffusion coefficient (ca. 55% increase under 2 W/cm2 irradiation), thus improving the degradation efficiency of triglyceride (93.1% under NIR light vs. 66.7% without NIR light within 20 min). This work paves the way to rationally design yolk@shell structured nanomotors for diverse applications.
KEYWORDS yolk@spiky-shell, carbon@silica, nanomotors, self-thermophoresis, triglyceride degradations
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Introduction
Synthetic micro-/nanomotors can utilize diverse forms of energy to realize self-propulsion in fluid [1–3], which hold promising application prospects in cargo transport [4, 5], biosensing [6–9], cell manipulation [10, 11], and water treatment [12–14]. The purification of water is very crucial for either environmental (removal of heavy metal ions [15] and organic pollutants [12, 16–18]) or biological (metabolism of serum lipids [19]) fields. So far, scientists have designed various micro-/nanomotor systems to effectively decompose (photocatalytic [16] and Fenton reaction [13]) or adsorb (physical adsorption [12, 15] and ion exchange [20]) specific hazardous substances. The enhanced decontamination efficiency is due to their characteristic self-propulsion property dominated by different mechanisms, such as bubble recoil [12, 15, 16], electrophoresis [17, 18], and diffusiophoresis [19]. However, these autonomous motions usually require chemical substrates as the energy source, hindering their further applications. To overcome this deficiency, it is highly desired to develop fuel-free synthetic micro-/nanomotor propelled by external stimuli [21]. Light, as an external stimulus, can propel the motion of micro/nanomotors with the advantages of reversible, wireless, and remote maneuver on
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