A Review on Artificial Micro/Nanomotors for Cancer-Targeted Delivery, Diagnosis, and Therapy

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Cite as Nano-Micro Lett. (2020) 12:11 Received: 13 October 2019 Accepted: 27 November 2019 © The Author(s) 2019

https://doi.org/10.1007/s40820-019-0350-5

A Review on Artificial Micro/Nanomotors for Cancer‑Targeted Delivery, Diagnosis, and Therapy Jiajia Wang1, Renfeng Dong1 *, Huiying Wu1, Yuepeng Cai1 *, Biye Ren2 * Jiajia Wang and Renfeng Dong contributed equally to this work. * Renfeng Dong, [email protected]; Yuepeng Cai, [email protected]; Biye Ren, [email protected] School of Chemistry and Environment, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion and Storage, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Materials for Energy Conversion and Storage, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, People’s Republic of China 2 School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, People’s Republic of China 1

HIGHLIGHTS • Recent advances of micro/nanomotors in the field of cancer-targeted delivery, diagnosis, and imaging-guided therapy are summarized. • Challenges and outlook for the future development of micro/nanomotors toward clinical applications are discussed.

ABSTRACT  Micro/nanomotors have been extensively explored for efficient cancer diagnosis and therapy, as evidenced by significant

Delivery

breakthroughs in the design of micro/nanomotors-based intelligent and comprehensive biomedical platforms. Here, we demonstrate the recent advances of micro/nanomotors in the field of cancer-targeted delivery, diagnosis, and imaging-guided therapy, as well as the challenges and problems faced by micro/nanomotors in clinical applica-

Micro/nano motor

tions. The outlook for the future development of micro/nanomotors toward clinical applications is also discussed. We hope to highlight these new advances in micro/nanomotors in the field of cancer diag-

Diagnostics

nosis and therapy, with the ultimate goal of stimulating the success-

Imagingguided Therapy

ful exploration of intelligent micro/nanomotors for future clinical applications. KEYWORDS  Micro/nanomotors; Cancer; Drug delivery; Diagnosis; Imaging

1 Introduction Cancers are emerging in an endless stream, leading to severe threat to human health [1]. To date, cancer treatment is still a worldwide problem and the eradication of cancers have been the lifelong pursuit of many scientists and physicians. Great efforts have been made to fight against cancers, and a large

number of therapeutic approaches have been developed for clinical treatment of cancers, such as chemotherapy, gene therapy, radiotherapy, immunotherapy, and phototherapy [2]. However, it is still difficult to cure and eliminate cancer by relying solely on these techniques since the effectiveness of cancer treatment is strongly related to the stage at which the malignancy is detected. The tremendous progresses of Vol.:(0123456789)

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nanotechnology and nanomaterials have paved new ways to address some pressing challenges in precise cancer diagnostics and therapy. Nanomaterials