Neisseria meningitidis Advanced Methods and Protocols
Neisseria meningitidis is a major causative agent, worldwide, of potentially life-threatening meningitis and septicaemia, which carry with them a high mortality rate and permanent physical and neurological issues for survivors. Neisseria meningitidi
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MOLECULAR BIOLOGY™
Series Editor John M. Walker School of Life Sciences University of Hertfordshire Hatfield, Hertfordshire, AL10 9AB, UK
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Neisseria meningitidis Advanced Methods and Protocols
Edited by
Myron Christodoulides Division of Infection, Inflammation, and Immunity, Sir Henry Wellcome Laboratories, University of Southampton Medical School, Southampton, UK
Editor Myron Christodoulides, Ph.D Division of Infection, Inflammation, and Immunity Sir Henry Wellcome Laboratories University of Southampton Medical School Southampton, UK [email protected]
ISSN 1064-3745 e-ISSN 1940-6029 ISBN 978-1-61779-345-5 e-ISBN 978-1-61779-346-2 DOI 10.1007/978-1-61779-346-2 Springer New York Dordrecht Heidelberg London Library of Congress Control Number: 2011937568 © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC 2012 All rights reserved. This work may not be translated or copied in whole or in part without the written permission of the publisher (Humana Press, c/o Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, 233 Spring Street, New York, NY 10013, USA), except for brief excerpts in connection with reviews or scholarly analysis. Use in connection with any form of information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed is forbidden. The use in this publication of trade names, trademarks, service marks, and similar terms, even if they are not identified as such, is not to be taken as an expression of opinion as to whether or not they are subject to proprietary rights. While the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of going to press, neither the authors nor the editors nor the publisher can accept any legal responsibility for any errors or omissions that may be made. The publisher makes no warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein. Printed on acid-free paper Cover illustration: The cover picture is a confocal microscopy image of human meningeal cells (stained red with Evan’s blue) infected with Neisseria meningitidis (bacteria reacted with specific antibody to outer membranes and stained green with FITC-labelling). Image copyright Myron Christodoulides. Humana Press is part of Springer Science+Business Media (www.springer.com)
Preface Neisseria meningitidis (the meningococcus, family Neisseriaceae) is a major causative agent, worldwide, of potentially life-threatening meningitis and septicemia. The organism is a Gram-negative β proteobacterium that resides normally as a commensal on the mucosal epithelium of the human nasopharynx. However, a combination of the expression of key microbial virulence factors, host susceptibility, inadequate innate immune recognition, and changes in niche environmental conditions can favor bacterial invasion of the host. The pathogenesis of meningococcal infection involves initial penetration of the nasopharyngeal mucosal epithelium, entry into the bl
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