Neurophysiological Characteristics of Patients with Juvenile Schizophrenia at the Late Follow-Up Stage
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Neurophysiological Characteristics of Patients with Juvenile Schizophrenia at the Late Follow-Up Stage I. S. Lebedeva, S. A. Golubev, I. V. Klochkova, and V. G. Kaleda
Translated from Zhurnal Nevrologii i Psikhiatrii imeni S. S. Korsakova, Vol. 120, No. 3, Iss. 1, pp. 34–40, March, 2020. Original article submitted October 16, 2019. Accepted November 28, 2019. Objective. To determine the neurophysiological features of schizophrenia at late (more than 20 years) follow-up and identify correlations between neurophysiological indicators and the clinical characteristics of the disease. Materials and methods. Patients of three groups were studied: those with a predominance of personality changes (group 1, 17 patients), those with negative disorders (group 2, 23 patients), and those with marked positive and negative disorders (group 3, 40 patients). The main study methods were psychopathological and neurophysiological, with assessment of event-linked potentials. Results and conclusions. A statistically significantly greater θ-rhythm frequency and a significantly lower α-rhythm frequency were found in group 3, the dominant frequency of the θ rhythm showing a correlation (positive) with the total score for positive disorders on the PANSS. No statistically significant between-group differences were seen in measures of the P300 wave of auditory event-related potential recorded in the oddball paradigm. These results are considered in the framework of views of the role of θ activity as a marker for hippocampal-prefrontal interactions. Keywords: electroencephalography, P300, schizophrenia, late follow-up, juvenile age.
Despite the rapid development of various approaches to studies of the structural-functional state of the brain, recording of bioelectrical activity remains one of the main methods of investigating functional anomalies in endogenous psychoses, including schizophrenia. The high informativeness of neurophysiological data is also clear in relation to studying the possible use of electrographic indicators as markers for assessment of prognosis and treatment efficacy not only in hospital conditions, but also in out-patient settings. Currently among the best studied features are measures of the “baseline” (in the calm awake sate with the eyes closed) electroencephalograph (EEG) and the amplitude-time characteristics of the so-called cognitive potential, i.e., the P300 event-related potential (ERP) wave. Recording of bioelectrical activity as a scientific and clinical method for research and diagnosis has been used for more than 80 years. As a rule, description are in terms of the features of component rhythms defined by frequency range,
for example the δ (1–4 Hz), θ (4–8 Hz), α (8–13 Hz), β1 (13–20 Hz), and β2 (20–35 Hz) ranges. This discrimination is based on the functional heterogeneity of these rhythms [1], though the range boundaries are quite arbitrary (different studies use different values). It must of course be noted that data have been obtained showing the functional heterogeneity of bioelectrical activity wit
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