Neuroanatomical Features of the Brain in Juvenile Shiftlike Schizophrenia: Morphometry of the Gray Matter of the Prefron
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Neuroanatomical Features of the Brain in Juvenile Shiftlike Schizophrenia: Morphometry of the Gray Matter of the Prefrontal Cortex and Subcortical Structures V. G. Kaleda,1 O. V. Bozjko,1 T. A. Akhadov,2 A. S. Tomyshev,1 D. V. Tikhonov,1 I. S. Lebedeva,1 and N. Yu. Savvateeva1
Translated from Zhurnal Nevrologii i Psikhiatrii imeni S. S. Korsakova, Vol. 119, No. 8, Iss. 1, pp. 7–11, August, 2019. Original article submitted November 14, 2018. Accepted April 14, 2019. Objectives. To identify the neuroanatomical characteristics of the gray matter in individual areas of the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and a number of subcortical formations in patients with juvenile shiftlike schizophrenia (ICD-10, F20) Materials and methods. A total of 43 patients and 54 mentally healthy men, mean age 22 years, were studied. The main methods were psychopathological investigations and MRI brain scans producing high-resolution T1-weighted images. Results. As compared with the control group, the group of patients with schizophrenia showed a decrease in the thickness of the gray matter in all segments of the prefrontal cortex studied, though no between-group differences in the volume of the subcortical formations were seen. No statistically significant correlations between structural changes and measures of the severity of psychopathological disorders were found. Conclusions. The data obtained from these studies show that structural anomalies in the frontal areas of the brain in juvenile shiftlike schizophrenia are not linked with the severity of psychopathological symptoms. Keywords: juvenile shiftlike schizophrenia, magnetic resonance tomography (MRI scans), prefrontal cortex, subcortical formations, PANSS.
Introduction. Workers in the field of psychiatry have long been seeking biological markers for mental diseases. From the second half of the last century, ever more hope in this direction has been placed on in vivo brain structure imaging methods. As regards schizophrenia, currently available data do not eliminate doubts as to the existence of topographic anomalies of both cortical and subcortical structures. This is evidenced by results obtained by summarizing large cohorts of patients assessed by the ENIGMA consortium [1, 2]. However, it is impossible not to note a certain heterogeneity and even contradictoriness in the results [3], which provided grounds for many authors to question the need to take account of particular characteristics of clinical cohorts, including the form, stage, and type of course of illness, etc., when carrying out neuroimaging investigations.
The present study addressed the neuroanatomical (structural) features of the brain in juvenile shiftlike schizophrenia. The gray matter of the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and various subcortical formations were selected for study. There is no doubt of the importance of the PFC of the brain – an area playing a key role in supporting higher mental functions – for the pathogenesis of schizophrenia. Cognitive impairments are one of the main features of this disease and the PFC is
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