New Development in the Grinding and Granulation Process of Fertilizers and Soil Conditioners
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Berg Huettenmaenn Monatsh https://doi.org/10.1007/s00501-020-01009-7 © Austrian Society for Metallurgy of Metals (ASMET) and Bergmännischer Verband Österreich (BVÖ) 2020
New Development in the Grinding and Granulation Process of Fertilizers and Soil Conditioners 1. Introduction Soil is a fundamental natural resource on which the entire life of the planet depends. Fertilizers are indispensable to replenish what has been taken away by harvesting agricultural products. In the subdivision of fertilizers, provided by the regulation, there are, among others 4 fundamental functional categories (PFC): Fertilizers (organic, organomineral, inorganic), calcium and/or magnesium remedies, soil conditioners and cultivation substrates. The fertilizers are very interesting as they are produced in the form of granules for the advantages they offer regarding their management from a technical, economic and environmental point of view as described in detail in the parts concerning grinding and granulation. This manuscript deals exclusively with solid and in particular granular products, highlighting the state of the art achieved by mills, mixers and granulators of the Eirich group. (Fig. 1). The level obtained is measured in terms of: ability to achieve the required fertilizer quality, reliability, minimum energy consumption, facility and speed of cleaning-maintenance, possibility to work different PFCs quickly switching from one type to another and working with the highest degree of automation.
cal, economic and environmental point of view. The grinding of the raw materials upstream of the mixing-granulation or mixing-granulation reaction processes is required for the final quality of the fertilizer and in recent years it has been becoming increasingly important. Grinding increases the specific surface area and makes the product more active, facilitating granulation and improving the homogeneity of the final product. The characteristics for the qual-
Fig. 1: EIRICH offers a comprehensive range of machines, plants and services related to mixing, granulating, pelletizing, drying and grinding technology
2. Crushing In most cases the raw materials are supplied in sizes less than 5 mm, this condition always occurs when they are obtained by synthesis. In case of natural raw materials, it is often necessary to carry out a particle size reduction before further treatment. Some raw materials are classified ATEX and consequently crushers are designed, manufactured and certified according to the relevant European standards for potentially explosive materials such as lignite, peat and others. Depending on the degree of reduction and the required size Eirich Impianti produces EMU hammer crushers with 1, 2 or 3 impact plates with and without screen (Fig. 2) and EC double roll crushers (Fig. 3).
3. Grinding The raw materials arrive in the establishment mainly in granular form to optimize their management from a techni-
Berg Huettenmaenn Monatsh
Fig. 2: Hammer crusher Eirich Impianti EMU89
© Austrian Society for Metallurgy of Metals (ASMET)
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